隆水蚤科多样性与生态学研究进展

Research advance in the diversity and ecology of Oncaeidae

隆水蚤科以其丰富的个体数和多样性成为海洋水体生态系统中极为重要的小型桡足类,但其分类学和多样性研究仍有较大不足,其生态功能及在生态系统中的地位存在被低估的可能。为了提升对隆水蚤科的认识,本文对国际隆水蚤科分类学和物种多样性研究进展、隆水蚤科的物种多样性研究难点和技术发展趋势、隆水蚤科的分布和生态等方面研究进行概述。19世纪末Giesbrecht创建隆水蚤科,随后该科的新物种不断被发现和描述,目前已描述115种。中国海仅记录到隆水蚤科物种11种,相关生态学研究较薄弱。隆水蚤科由于个体小,许多物种间具有高度的形态相似性,并且包含很多姐妹种及种内分型,因此许多研究将传统分类鉴定手段与分子生物学技术相结合,以提高物种的发现和描述效率。随着研究的不断深入,有关隆水蚤科物种的分布特征、食性特征、种群特征和行为学特征等均得到不同程度的关注,这都将提高隆水蚤科研究的广度和深度。随着研究技术的迅速发展以及许多设备先进的科学考察船和载人潜水器被用于海洋研究,从近海、边缘海到深远海研究的协同发展,海洋生物样品资源不断丰富,这将带动我国分类和多样性研究快速发展,使隆水蚤科的分类学研究不断深入。

Aims:Oncaeidae are small copepods that serve an important role in marine ecosystems,with high abundance and rich diversity.Studies on the taxonomic diversity of these species still have great deficiencies,and its ecological function status may be underestimated.To improve the understanding of Oncaeidae,this paper reviews the research progress of taxonomy,species diversity,distribution and ecology of Oncaeidae,and also discusses the difficulties and technological trends in research of global Oncaeidae diversity.Progresses:Since Giesbrecht’s description of this taxon at the end of the 19 th century,new species of Oncaeidae have been discovered and described.They are widely recorded in the Atlantic,Indian,Pacific,Mediterranean,and polar oceans,and occur in the upper,middle,and deep layers of the ocean.To date,115 species have been described.Descriptions of species diversity of Oncaeidae in China started late,with only 11 species of Oncaeidae were recorded in the China Sea,and related ecological studies are relatively weak.Oncaeidae species are small in size with many morphological similarities,making it difficult to distinguish the many sister species and intrapesional types.Therefore,many studies complement traditional taxonomic identification methods with molecular biology techniques.These molecular techniques allow for the exploration of cryptic species,so as to improve the efficiency of species discovery and description.With recent deepening of the research,the distribution,feeding habits,population characteristics and behavior characteristics of Oncaeidae have received greater attention,resulting in an increasingly diverse body of taxonomic research for this group.Prospects:With the rapid development of marine science technology,as well as many advanced scientific research vessels and manned submersibles now being used for oceanographic studies,biological sampling of the ocean is constantly being enriched.This will promote the rapid development of taxonomic and biodiversity research in the waters around China,and further the taxonomic research of Oncaeidae,leading to new insights about the distribution and diversity of taxa in this group.