物联网视角下的建成景观设计项目运行信息管理:从空缺到途径

IoT-Based Operational Information Management for Built Landscape Projects:From Vacancy to Approaches

伴随着第四次工业革命下新一代数字技术的快速更迭,数字景观与智慧景观设计已逐步成为设计领域研究的前沿和热点。物联网作为新兴的数字工具,拥有被用于建成景观项目的运行信息管理的巨大潜力。本文以建成景观设计项目的运行阶段为研究对象,以空缺分析及研究述评的方式探讨物联网(IoT)技术辅助项目运行信息管理的途径。本文首先提出运行信息管理的主要目标为开展景观绩效评估和精细化后期管理,进而指出两大数字工具的缺失:生态数据监测工具缺乏和动态景观信息建模工具缺失。本文而后结合已有案例,重点探讨IoT技术辅助生态数据在线监测及动态信息建模的应用路径与相关注意事项。本文同时强调,景观设计师和项目管理者不仅要关注IoT技术的研究动向,更重要的是要明确学科本身的实践需求,以避免落入"为了应用而应用"的陷阱;而面向学科研究的未来时,本文意在揭示行业技术升级将引发需求升级的发展过程,这一升级也将带来景观设计师定位和培养模式的转变,以及景观设计和研究工具的革新。

With the rapid advance of digital technology under the fourth industrial revolution,digital landscape and smart landscape architecture have gradually become the research hot spots in design professions.The Internet of Things(IoT),as an emerging digital tool,has shown great potential to assist operational information modeling for built landscape projects.This article,focusing on the post-operation for built projects,deliberates IoT-based approaches to operational information management(OIM)through vacancy analysis and literature review.It first argues that OIM’s main goals are performance evaluation and refined management,and points out the absence of effective monitoring tools for ecological performance and dynamic modeling tools for data storage,analysis,and visualization.Combing with existing cases,it also demonstrates and summarizes the methods for IoTbased ecological performance monitoring and dynamic information modeling,as well as the principles for related application.In addition,landscape architects and project managers should pay attention to emerging research trends of IoT technology,and more importantly,emphasize authentic application scenarios to avoid blind practice.As for the future of Landscape Architecture,this article attempts to reveal the profession development trajectory that technological upgrade leads to demand upgrade,which will also bring about changes in landscape architects’contemporary mission and the methods for talent training,and about the innovations of landscape design and research tools.