摘要
目的了解北京市东城区中小学生日间户外活动现状,探讨学生日间户外活动时间的影响因素,为提出增加户外活动有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 2020年10月,本研究采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取北京市东城区小学、初中、高中各2所及1所职业高中的学生1 971名,使用全国统一的小学版和中学版《学生健康状况及影响因素调查表》、《学生视力不良及影响因素专项调查表》进行自填式匿名问卷调查。结果过去1周里,每天日间户外活动时间≥2 h的学生仅占30.59%,其中男女生报告率分别为31.64%和29.46%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.100,P=0.294);小学(33.74%)、初中(25.86%)和高中(31.77%)学生间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.387,P=0.009)。22.83%的学生课间休息时一般在户外活动,男生(26.27%)高于女生(19.11%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.302,P<0.01);男女生均随着学段的升高,课间户外活动比例增高,差异有统计学意义(趋势χ^(2)=47.062、18.699,P<0.01)。小学生每周的体育课较多,48.10%的小学生每周体育课3~4节,46.71%的小学生每周体育课≥5节;87.50%的初中生每周上3~4节体育课,大多数高中生体育课每周≤2节。Logistic回归分析结果显示,每周体育课≥5节(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.44~2.72),课间休息时一般进行户外活动(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.11~1.76)是每天日间户外活动≥2 h的保护因素;而高中(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.58~0.93)、家长因学习限制运动时间(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.40~0.85)是危险因素。结论东城区中小学生日间户外活动时间不足,学校、家庭应共同努力增加儿童青少年户外活动时间。
Objective To understand the current status of daytime outdoor activities of students in Dongcheng District of Beijing and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 971 students randomly recruited from 2 elementary schools, 2 junior high schools, 2 high schools and 1 vocational high school in Dongcheng district of Beijing in October 2020. Results In the past week, only 30.59% of students spent 2 hours or more in daytime outdoor activities, with no difference between boys and girls(31.46% vs 29.46%;χ^(2)=1.100, P=0.294), while the difference was significant between elementary school students(33.74%), high school students(31.77%) and junior high school students(25.86%)(χ^(2)=9.387, P=0.009).22.83% of students usually stayed outside doing excises during breaks between classes, this percentage was higher among boys than in girls(26.27% vs 19.11%;χ^(2)=14.302, P<0.01) and went up along with the increase of the grade in both boys and girls(trend χ^(2)=47.062, 18.699, P<0.01).48.10% of elementary school students had 3-4 gym classes per week, 46.71% even had 5 or more classes.meanwhile, 87.50% of junior high school students had 3-4 gym classes per week.However,majority of high school students had only 2 or less gym classes per week.Logistic regression analysis showed that having 5 or more gym classes per week(OR=1.98,95%CI:1.44-2.72),and participating outdoor activities during breaks(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.11-1.76)were positive factors for daytime outdoor activities of≥2 h,while higher grade(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.58-0.93)and discourage outdoor activities by parents(OR=0.58,95%CI:0.40-0.85)were negative factors. Conclusions Students in Dongcheng District of Beijing spend fewer hours in daytime outdoor activities,especially high school students.Therefore,schools and families should work together to encourage longer time outdoor activities of students.
作者
韩霄
陈辉
勉丽娜
马莉蓉
杨微
焦欣然
HAN Xiao;CHEN Hui;MIAN Li-na;MA Li-rong;YANG Wei;JIAO Xin-ran(Dongcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100009,China)
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期151-155,共5页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
关键词
户外活动
影响因素
学生
Outdoor activities
Influencing factors
Students