违反安保义务责任之证成与损失之承担研究——评上海儿童骑共享单车死亡案

Justification of the liability for breach of security obligations and assumption of losses under the Civil Code——Comments on the death case of a Child's riding shared bicycles in Shanghai

安保责任的承担不仅需要考虑义务内容,还需要考虑义务违反与损害发生间的因果关系,该义务内容因第三人是否介入而不同。安保责任在责任形态上应为补充责任而非按份责任。从法律规则出发,监护人之过失与侵权人之过失不得相抵;从保护未成年人角度出发,未成年人之过失与侵权人之过失亦不得相抵。

In terms of the assumption of security responsibility,not only the content of the obligation but also the causal relationship between the breach of the obligation and the occurrence of the damage needs to be considered.The content of the obligation differs depending on whether a third party is involved.The form of security responsibility should be supplementary responsibility rather than share responsibility.From the legal rules,the fault of the guardian and the fault of the infringer cannot be offset,while from the perspective of the protection of minors,the fault of minors and the fault of infringers cannot be offset.