城市近郊型乡镇农业生态经济系统生态潜力及产业空间布局——以延安市河庄坪镇为例

The potential of agricultural eco-economic system and the spatial distribution of its industry in suburban township: A case study of the Hezhuangping Town, Yan′an City

生态脆弱区抗干扰能力弱,明确其系统的生态潜力,在潜力的基础上开发利用资源对区域的可持续发展具有重要的意义。研究基于生态系统服务价值视角,尝试测度农业生态经济系统生态潜力,同时以三产融合典型代表乡镇为研究对象,对其农业生态经济系统生态潜力和主导产业进行时空分析,最后对生态系统加以功能分区。结果显示:(1)气体调节、气候调节、水源涵养和土壤形成与保护是生态系统提供的主要服务功能。随退耕还林工程实施,林地面积的增加使生态系统服务价值量随之上升,在空间上呈现"中间低两翼高"的格局。(2)农业生态经济系统生态潜力受服务价值与资源开发过程影响,与生态系统服务价值在空间上相对一致,呈现出"两翼高中间低,北高南低"的分布格局,其中,退耕还林工程的推进直接导致林地的生态潜力增加,耕地的生态潜力减少。(3)研究区在退耕过程中形成以大棚种植为主的设施农业、以农林特色销售为主的商品型种植农业,以山地苹果为主的林果产业以及以酒店商贸为主的服务行业。并随城镇一体化的推进,主导产业呈现出由传统粗放型大田种植向集约型设施农业方向发展。在空间上形成了以镇区分布为主的第三产业、依托拐沟坡地的林果产业和沿川道展开的设施农业的产业布局。(4)基于生态系统服务价值,研究区农业生态经济系统功能区划分为城镇生态环境维护区(第Ⅰ类型区)、农业生态保护区(第Ⅱ类型区)、生态安全屏障区(第Ⅲ类区)3个区域。

The anti-interference ability in ecologically fragile areas is weak. It is of great significance for regional sustainable development to make clear the ecologically potential of the ecosystem and utilize resources on the basis of the potential. Based on the perspective of ecosystem service value, we attempt to measure the ecological potential of the agricultural eco-economic system. A typically representative town of three industries integration was selected as the study area to analyze the ecological potential of their agricultural eco-economic system and the leading industries in temporal and spatial aspect. Finally, the ecological functional areas were divided. The results showed that(1) the gas regulation, climate regulation, water conservation, and soil formation and protection were main service functions of the ecosystem. With the implementation of the Grain to Green program(GTGP), the ecosystem service value presented an increasing trend as the woodland became the main type of land use. There was a pattern of "middle low, side high" in spatial distribution.(2) The potential of the agricultural eco-economic system was affected by the service value and resource development process, and the potential was relatively consistent with the ecosystem service value in spatial distribution. There was a distribution pattern of "middle low and side high, high in north, and low in south". Among them, the GTGP directly led to an increasing potential of woodland, and the potential of farmland was reduced.(3) In the process of GTGP, the facility agriculture, commodity farming, forest fruit industry and service industry were formed. With the development of urban integration, the leading industry developed a trend from the extensive form to intensive mode. The tertiary industry was mainly distributed in the center of the township. The forest fruit industry was distributed in mountainous area. The facility agriculture was mainly distributed in flat area.(4) Based on the value of ecosystem services, the functional areas of agricultural eco-economic system in the study area were divided into three areas: urban eco-environment maintenance area(type I area), agricultural ecological protection area(type II area), and ecological security barrier area(type III area).