贵州省开阳县岩溶发育特征规律研究

Study on the characteristics of karst development in Kaiyang county,Guizhou province

岩溶发育是喀斯特地貌最重要的特征之一,加强对岩溶发育特征的研究,可以让我们更加全面的了解喀斯特地貌。以贵州开阳县为研究区,共取岩样20件,调查岩溶点312个,通过对岩样的测试分析和现场调查结果的统计,成功总结了岩溶发育的特征规律及控制因素。结果认为:研究区碳酸盐岩石类型划分为纯灰岩、纯白云岩、白云石化灰岩、灰质白云岩、砂屑灰岩和燧石白云岩等6类。纯碳酸盐岩分布面积约644.18 km2,占研究区总面积70.33%,其中石灰岩地层出露面积为287.60 km2,白云岩地层出露面积为356.58 km2,矿物组成的差异导致了其具有相异的岩性特征、岩溶发育特征以及其分布区域等特征。岩溶发育主要受岩性、地质构造和水动力条件三个控制因素影响。

Karst development is one of the most important features of karst landform. Strengthening the study of karst development features can help us to have a more comprehensive understanding of karst landform. Taking Kaiyangcounty,Guizhou province as the research area,20 rock samples were collected and 312 karst sites were investigated. Through the test analysis of rock samples and the statistics of the field investigation results,the characteristics and controlling factors of karst development were successfully summarized. The results show that the carbonate rocks in the study area can be divided into six types:pure limestone,pure dolomite,dolomitized limestone,calcareous dolomite,arenaceous limestone and chert dolomite. The distribution area of pure carbonate rocks is about 644. 18 km2,accounting for 70. 33% of the total area of the study area,among which the area of limestone stratum exposure is 287. 60 km2,and the area of dolomite stratum exposure is 356. 58 km2. The difference of mineral composition leads to the different lithologiccharacteristics,karst development characteristics and distribution area. Karst development is mainly affected by lithology,geological structure and hydrodynamic conditions.