高电压比例标准装置技术综述

Review of High Voltage Ratio Standard Devices Technology

高电压比例标准装置是检定、校准高电压测量设备的关键装置,代表了高电压比例测量领域的最高测量能力。为此,结合国内外高电压比例标准技术的发展现状,分别介绍了工频高电压串联互感器、高电压双级互感器和有源分压器等工频高电压计量领域的最新研究进展,通过技术对比表明电磁式比例标准装置的最高应用电压已突破1 000 kV,具有高稳定性和高准确度的特有优势,已完全取代了传统电容式比例标准。基于直流比例标准的溯源方法介绍了各国最高计量机构研制的直流分压器,指出电阻分压器仍是直流比例标准装置的首选,其结构形式取决于所适应的溯源方法。接着介绍了弱阻尼分压器、电容分压器等冲击电压比例标准装置,分析表明冲击电压的测量已从主标准装置的研究逐渐转变为低压侧高准确度冲击信号测量方面的研究,抗干扰、低不确定度是主要挑战。最后对上述比例标准关键技术内容进行了分析,并对高电压比例标准技术研究未来的方向和趋势进行了讨论。

High voltage ratio standard device is key to calibrate the high voltage measurement devices, and represents the highest measurement ability in the field of high voltage ratio measurement. Consequently, based on the current development of the high voltage ratio measurement technology around the world, the research achievements in the power frequency high-voltage series instrument transformer, two-stage instrument transformer, and active voltage divider are introduced.The technology comparison indicates that the rated voltage of inductive voltage ratio standard has been higher than 1 000 k V, and the capacitive ratio standards have been replaced completely. Moreover, the direct current voltage standard dividers developed by different national metrology institutes are introduced based on the DC ratio traceability methods. It is pointed out that the resistive voltage divider is still regarded as the first choice, and the schematic and structure will be different based on the traceability methods. Furthermore, the pulse voltage ratio standard devices including low damped divider, capacitive divider are introduced, and the main research has been changed from main impulse voltage divider to accurate measurement of the voltage signal of divider,however, anti-interference and uncertainty are the major challenges. In the end, the development trend and the key technologies of high voltage ratio standard devices are discussed.