父母教养方式对个体成年后心理健康的影响

The influence of parenting style on mental health of children afterbeing an adult

目的探讨父母教养方式对个体成年后心理健康的影响。方法抽取新疆克拉玛依市九个油田的4372名职工(女性1429人,男性2943人),通过父母教养方式量表(EMBU)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)测量被试父母教养方式和心理健康状况。通过逐步线性回归对数据进行分析。结果回归分析结果显示:父亲情感温暖理解对于除SCL躯体化、SCL其他因子分以外的各项因子分均具有负向预测作用(β<0.00,P <0.05);母亲情感温暖理解则对于SCL躯体化因子分、其他因子分具有负向预测作用(β<0.00,P <0.05);父亲过度保护及母亲过度保护干涉得分对SCL总分及各因子分均具有正向预测作用(β> 0.00,P <0.05)。母亲拒绝否认得分正向预测SCL总分、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子得分(β> 0.00,P <0.05)。结论父母教养方式对个体成年后心理健康同样有显著影响,尤其是父亲情感温暖理解对子女成年后的心理健康仍有保护作用,而父母过度的保护则不利于成年子女的心理健康。

Objective To explore the influence of parenting style on mental health of children after being an adult. Methods Total4372 employees from nine oilfield company in Karamay were randomly selected,and 2943 males and 1429 females were included. Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran(EMBU)and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)self-rating scale were used to evaluate their parenting styles and their mental health. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results Multiple regression analysis indicated that the scores of the emotional understanding and warmth from father negatively predicted almost every subscale in SCL-90 except for somatization subscale and other subscale, while the scores of the emotional understanding and warmth from mother negatively predicted the scores of somatization subscale and other subscale(P < 0.05). The perceived overprotection from father as well as the over involvement and overprotection from mother positively predicted total scores and every subscale in SCL-90(P < 0.05). The scores of mother’s rejection positively predicted total scores, obsessive-compulsive subscale, interpersonal sensitivity subscale, depression subscale,anxiety subscale, hostility subscale, and phobic anxiety subscale in SCL-90 scale(P < 0.05). Conclusions Parenting style also has a significant impact on individual mental health after adulthood. Fathers’ emotional warmth and understanding still has a protective effect on children’s mental health after adulthood, while excessive protection of parents is not conducive to the mental health of adult children.