明清时期理学与纵欲风气的互动

The Interaction between Neo-Confucianism and Atmosphere of Sensual-indulgence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期的纵欲风气,是人类自然属性的表达,表明理学教化在实践上的松动,士人们对欲望的态度已不再完全受制于理学的价值判断。在与纵欲风气的互动中,无论是笃行“天理”还是溺于“人欲”,士人们都承认欲望难以消灭但必须消灭,因为其蕴含着对儒家理想世界秩序的反动因素。在政府层面法律规训几近失效的背景下,恐吓、隔离与惩戒取代儒家的道德礼乐教化,成为了家庭层面规训“人欲”的主要手段,显示出理学家对儒家学说本身的教化能力已经不再自信。

The atmosphere of sensual-indulgence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was an expression of human natural,which show that the practice of Neo-Confucianism was loosened and the attitude of scholars towards desire were no longer completely subject to the value judgments of Neo-Confucianism.In the interaction with the atmosphere of sensual-indulgence,scholars all admit that desire was difficult to eliminate but must be eliminated.Neo-Confucianism wanted to eliminate the sensual-indulgence because it contained the reactionary factor to the ideal world order of Confucian.Against the background that the legal disciplines at the government were almost ineffective,intimidation,isolation and punishment have replaced the Confucian morality,etiquette and music,and become the main means of disciplining“human desire”at the family level,show that the Neo-Confucianism was no longer confident in the educational ability of Confucianism.