媒介视域中的疫情防控——以1910—1911年东北鼠疫为例

Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Horizon of Media:An Example from the Plague in the Northeast China during 1910 and 1911

媒介作为记录日常生活、关注突发事件的重要载体,其所刊发的文字以及图像资料成为后人认识、了解和研究历史的重要文本。1910—1911年在中国东北地区发生的鼠疫是20世纪初中国乃至世界上规模最大的一次鼠疫,前后持续了6个多月,波及大半个中国,死亡人数众多,给清廷带来了巨大的冲击。清末报刊媒体的新闻报道、评论不仅为时人及时了解疫情的发生、发展情况提供了便利,而且反映出疫情防控等重要讯息。人们借助媒体报道,对此次鼠疫传播、防疫卫所设立以及救治等情况有所了解,切实感受到了此次疫情传播的广泛与危害,从而认识到了疫情防控的重要性。因此,透过报刊媒体呈现的原始文字,可以从媒体的角度进行解析,从而扩展研究视野,加深对东北乃至中国鼠疫及其疫情防控的研究,为当今以及未来防控疫情提供借鉴。

The media is an important carrier of recording daily life and concerning emergencies,the words and pictures which are published in newspapers are crutial texts about knowing,understanding and studying history.The plague happened in the northeast China during 1910 and 1911 is the largest plague in the early 20th century around China even all over the world,lasting more than 6 months,affecting the most areas of China and causing the death of a large number of people,which not only influences the declined Qing Dynasty,but also is a big challenge to the health and epidemic prevention area of modern China.The news reports and reviews of China and abroad make it convenient for people to know about the happening and development about the plague.Furthermore,they accumulate much information about epidemic prevention and drive people to understand the spreading conditions,setting hospitals,medical care of the plague,making them realize spreading widely and serious damages of the plague and be aware of the importance of epidemic prevention.Therefore,the words and pictures which are published in Chinese and foreign newspapers can be analyzed in the horizon of media and then broaden research fields,which will deepen the studies on the plague and its prevention and control in the northeast China even the whole country.Meanwhile,they can also offer experience for epidemic prevention and control today and in the future.