不同前跷对行走过程中下肢动力学的影响

Influence of different toe spring on dynamics of lower limbs during walking

为探究前跷对行走过程中下肢动力学的影响,选取16名男性穿前跷角度为0°(1号鞋)、7.7°(2号鞋)和15.5°(3号鞋)的3双测试鞋正常行走,用红外运动捕捉系统(Motion, 200 Hz)和三维测力台系统(Kistler, 1 000 Hz)采集运动学和地面反作用力(GRF)数据,计算下肢动力学指标并分析。结果表明:(1)足蹬离地面阶段,Fx(前后方向GRF)和Fz(竖直方向GRF)的加载率随着前跷的增大而减小,Fx差异显著(p=0.021),Fz整体差异不显著(p=0.056),但3号鞋和1号鞋之间差异显著(p=0.003);(2)穿着不同测试鞋行走时,膝关节屈伸力矩、内外翻力矩没有差异,1号鞋和3号鞋之间的回旋力矩差异显著(p=0.004)。踝关节内外翻力矩、回旋力矩没有差异,跖屈力矩有显著性差异(p=0.007)。由此可见:前跷可降低足蹬离地面时的阻力,减小跖趾关节的弯曲幅度,提高蹬伸阶段地面反作用力的加载率,使人体重心能更快、更平滑地向前过渡,实现行走能耗的节省化。还可以减小膝关节回旋力矩和踝关节的跖屈力矩,降低损伤风险。

In order to explore the influence of toe spring on the lower limb dynamics during walking, 16 men were selected to walk normally with three pairs of testing shoes with toe spring angles of 0°(No.1 shoes), 7.7°(No.2 shoes) and 15.5°(No.3 shoes). The kinematic and ground reaction force(GRF) data were collected by infrared motion capture system(motion, 200 Hz) and three-dimensional force measuring platform system(Kistler, 1 000 Hz). The dynamic indexes of lower limbs were calculated and analyzed. The results show that in the stage of foot off the ground, the loading rate of Fx(GRF in front and back direction) and Fz(GRF in vertical direction) decrease with the increase of toe spring, Fx difference is significant(p=0.021), Fz overall difference is not significant(p=0.056), but there is significant difference between No.3 shoe and No.1 shoe(p=0.003). When walking with different testing shoes, there is no difference in knee flexion and extension moment, inside and outside turning moment, and there is significant difference in turning moment between No.1 and No.3 shoes(p=0.004). There is no significant difference in the moment of pronation and rotation of ankle joint, but there is significant difference in the moment of plantar flexion(p=0.007).It can be seen that the toe spring can reduce the resistance when the foot pedal is off the ground, reduce the bending range of the metatarsophalangeal joint, improve the loading rate of the ground reaction force in the stage of pedaling and stretching, make the center of gravity of the human body faster and smoother forward transition, and realize the saving of walking energy consumption.It can also reduce the knee rotation moment and ankle flexion moment, and reduce the risk of injury.