考虑消费者缺货容忍的变质品订购与信用期策略研究

Ordering and trade credit strategies for deteriorating items considering consumer’s shortage tolerance

考虑消费者存在缺货容忍行为,研究变质品的联合订购和信用期决策问题.假设延迟订购消费者面对缺货等待时存在一个容忍期限(即在该容忍期限内零售商无需支付缺货成本),同时考虑市场需求受商业信用期的影响,库存系统允许缺货且短缺量部分延迟订购.以零售商的平均利润最大化为目标,分两种情形构建变质品的订购和信用期决策模型.从理论上证明最优解的存在性和唯一性,给出相关定理结论,并在此基础上设计一个寻找最优解的两阶段迭代算法.最后通过数值算例展示了模型和算法的应用,并完成主要参数的灵敏度分析.研究结果表明:消费者的缺货容忍行为可以有效增加零售商利润,减低产品变质损失,同时还可以激励零售商提供更长的商业信用期,进而实现买卖双方的共赢.

This paper studies a joint ordering and trade credit decisions problem for deteriorate items based on the consumers’shortage tolerance behavior.It assumes that customers generally have a tolerance period in the face of shortage(i.e.,a zero-backlogged cost time period),and the market demand is dependent on trade credit period.Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged.The inventory models of joint ordering and credit period decisions for deteriorating items are proposed in two cases with the goal of maximize the retailer’s average profit.Firstly,the optimal solutions existence and uniqueness are proved and some relevant theorem conclusions are derived.Then,a two-stage iterative algorithm is developed to search for the optimal solutions.Finally,the numerical example is presented to illustrate the practicability of the proposed model and algorithm,and the sensitivity analysis of the major parameters is performed.The results show that the consumers’shortage tolerance behavior can effectively increase the retailer profits and reduce product deterioration loss,and also stimulate the retailer to provide a longer trade credit period,thereby achieving a win-win situation for the retailer and the consumer.