豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视形成的影响因素

Influencing factors of formation of the form-deprivation-myopia in guinea pigs

近视的发病机制为异常的视觉刺激作用于视网膜引起视网膜信号因子的改变,随后通过视网膜色素上皮层-脉络膜途径传导至巩膜,诱导细胞外基质重构,导致巩膜重塑。豚鼠形觉剥夺性近视(form-deprived myopia,FDM)是研究近视的常用模型之一,对豚鼠FDM的研究主要集中在使用不同的药物如一氧化氮合酶、褪黑素、M受体阻滞剂、多巴胺类物质、降眼压药物、过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体α激动剂和拮抗剂、缺氧诱导因子等进行干预,引起多巴胺、基质金属蛋白酶-2、基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-2、转化生长因子-β、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白等因子及I型胶原等物质的变化,从而对FDM的过程产生影响。(国际眼科纵览,2021,45:256-262)

The pathogenesis of myopia is that abnormal visual stimulation effect on retinal and cause the change of retinal signal factors,which is then transmitted to the sclera through the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid pathway,induces extracellular matrix(ECM)reconstruction and the sclera remodeling.Form-deprivation-myopia(FDM)is one of the commonly used models in guinea pigs to study myopia.The study on FDM induction in guinea pigs mainly focused on the intervention with different drugs such as nitric oxide synthase,melatonin,M receptor blockers,dopamines,intraocular pressure lowering drugs,peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α(PPAR α)agonists and antagonists,hypoxia inducible factor,which causes the changes of dopamine,matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2),tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and type I collagen,thus affecting the process of FDM.(Int Rev Ophthalmol,2021,45:256-262)