营养供给模式对不同断奶重仔猪生长性能、小肠形态及消化酶活力的影响

Effects of Nutrition Modes on Growth Performance,Small Intestine Morphology and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Weaned Piglets

试验旨在研究营养供给模式对不同断奶重仔猪生长性能、小肠形态及消化酶活力的影响。采用两因素析因试验设计,选取96头23~25日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元仔猪,公、母各半,按体重和营养供给模式分为4个处理组,即低断奶重二阶段营养组[K1组,体重(5.62±0.39)kg]、低断奶重三阶段营养组[K2组,体重(5.57±0.40)kg]、正常断奶重二阶段营养组[K3组,体重(7.22±0.35)kg]和正常断奶重三阶段营养组[K4组,体重(7.04±0.42 kg)],每组6个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。各组1~7 d均饲喂H饲粮,K1组、K3组8~45 d饲喂NL饲粮(根据N和L饲粮平均水平配制),K2组、K4组8~28 d饲喂N饲粮,K2组、K4组29~45 d饲喂L饲粮,试验从断奶开始至保育期结束共45 d。结果表明:三阶段营养模式仔猪的日增重(ADG)及耗料增重比(F/G)优于二阶段营养模式(P<0.05),腹泻率减少(P<0.05);三阶段营养模式对不同断奶重仔猪ADG、平均日采食量(ADFI)和F/G均具有改善作用(P<0.01);三阶段营养模式仔猪的脂肪酶、乳糖酶和蛋白酶活力均高于二阶段营养模式仔猪(P<0.05);正常断奶重仔猪的胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、蔗糖酶活力均高于低断奶重仔猪(P<0.05);营养模式、断奶重及其互作对仔猪的胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、乳糖酶和蛋白酶活力均有极显著影响;二阶段营养模式仔猪十二指肠、空肠的绒毛高度、绒隐比(V/C)均低于三阶段营养模式仔猪(P<0.05);营养模式、断奶重及其互作对十二指肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度、空肠的V/C均有显著影响。综上所述,三阶段营养供给模式对提高断奶仔猪生长性能,尤其是对低断奶重仔猪的消化酶活力及肠黏膜发育具有积极意义。

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of the nutrition modes on growth performance,small intestine morphology and digestive enzyme activity of weaned piglets.A total of 96 weaned piglets with age of 23~25 days were divided into 4 groups in a two factors experimental design.The low weaned weight with two phase feeding group[K1,(5.62±0.39)kg],low weaned weight with three phase feeding group[K2,(5.57±0.40)kg],normal weaned weight with two phase feeding group[K3,(7.22±0.35)kg]and normal weaned weight with three phase feeding group[K4,(7.04±0.42)kg].All groups were fed high nutrition level(H)diet for 1~7 days,K1 group and K3 group were fed normal nutrition level(NL)diet for 8~45 days,K2 group and K4 group were fed moderate nutrition level(N)diet for 8~28 days,and K2 group and K4 group were fed low nutrition level(L)diet for 29~45 days.Six replicates was included in each group with 4 piglets per replicate.The trial lasted 45 days.The results showed that average daily gain(ADG)and feed to gain ratio(F/G)of piglets in three-stage nutrition mode were better than that in two-stage nutrition mode(P<0.05)and the diarrhea rate was reduced(P<0.05).The three-stage nutrition mode had an improvement effect on ADG,average daily feed intake(ADFI)and F/G of different weaned weight piglets(P<0.01).The lipase,lactase and protease activities of piglets in three-stage nutritional model were higher than those in two-stage nutritional model(P<0.05);The activity of trypsin,lipase and sucrase in normal weaned weight piglets were higher than those in low weaned weight piglets(P<0.05);Nutritional pattern,weaned weight and their interactions have an effect on the activity of trypsin,amylase,lipase,lactase and protease in piglets.The duodenal and jejunum villi height and villi/crypt(V/C)of two-stage nutritional model were lower than those of three-stage nutritional model(P<0.05);The nutritional model,weaning weight and their interactions on duodenal villi height,crypt depth and jejunum V/C all had significant effects.In summary,three-stage nutritional model is positive significance for improving growth performance of weaned piglets,especially the digestive enzyme activity and intestinal mucosa development of low-weaning piglets.