职业教育校企合作中企业角色定位的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Role Orientation of Enterprises in School-Enterprise Cooperation in Vocational Education

从新中国成立初期到两个一百年的历史交汇点,职业教育中企业的角色定位随着社会发展与经济体制变迁整体呈现出"钟摆式"的变化。从利益相关者理论的应然视角而言,企业参与校企合作与职业院校人力资本、知识技术创新和社会服务方面的优势进行互补。然而,基于四川省参与校企合作企业的调研发现,校企合作仍停留在投建设施基地、接收实习实训、企业定向培养等浅层次模式。虽然企业希望在人力资源长线供给以及政府政策支持等方面获利,但在参与校企合作的实际过程中却面临政府统筹力度不足、企业利益保障不够和对职业院校依赖度不高等困境。为保障企业在校企合作中主体地位的充分发挥,亟待建立企业参与职业教育的支撑保障制度体系、构建基于企业参与内在差异化的政策体系、形成与行业标准引领对接的技能供需机制。

From the founding of the People’s Republic of China to the historical intersection of two hundred years,the role orientation of enterprises in vocational education presents a`pendulum’change with the social development and economic system change.From the perspective of stakeholder theory,enterprises’participation in school-enterprise cooperation complements the advantages of vocational colleges in human capital,knowledge and technology innovation and social service.However,according to the investigation of the enterprises which participate in the school-enterprise cooperation in Sichuan Province,it is found that school-enterprise cooperation still remains in the shallow mode of investment and construction facility base,receiving internship and practical training,and enterprise-oriented training.In the process of participating in school-enterprise cooperation,enterprises are faced with the dilemma of insufficient government coordination,insufficient protection of corporate interests,and low dependence on vocational colleges.In order to ensure the full play of the main role of enterprises in school-enterprise cooperation,this paper proposes to establish the support system for enterprises to participate in vocational education,to build a policy system based on the internal differences of enterprises’participation,and to form a skill supply and demand mechanism matching with industry standards.