多工况载荷下机车排障器拓扑和尺寸优化设计

Research on Topology and Size Optimization of Locomotive Cowcatcher under Multiple Loads

为优化某内燃机车排障器的结构性能和轻量化设计,对其进行多工况载荷下的拓扑和尺寸优化设计.运用OptiStruct软件对排障器进行基于变密度法的结构拓扑优化设计,确定排障器加强肋板的分布.随后,在拓扑优化的基础上运用尺寸优化设计方法对其进行轻量化设计,并对优化后排障器的强度和质量进行分析比较。对比得出,优化后排障器在两工况下最大应力降幅明显,均超过20.00%,质量减轻9.29%,结构应力分布更加均匀、合理,轻量化效果明显,为某内燃机车排障器设计提供了可行方案.

In order to optimize the structural performance and lightweight design of cowcatcher for a diesel locomotive,a topology and size optimization of cowcatcher under multiple loads were studied.OptiStruct software is used to optimize cowcatcher,which based on density variables method of topology optimization.Finally,an optimum proposal of cowcatcher reinforcement ribs was found.Subsequently,on this basis,the size optimization is used to carry out lightweight design,and the strength and mass of the optimized cowcatcher are analyzed and compared.After optimization,the maximum stress drop of the cowcatcher under both load cases is over 20%,and the mass is reduced by 9.29%.The structural stress distribution is more uniform and reasonable,and the mass reduction effect is distinct,which provides a feasible solution for the design of the diesel locomotive cowcatcher.