乡村建设行动中农民声音的有效表达与责任效力

Effective Expression of Peasants'Voice and Responsibility Effect in Rural Construction Action

实施乡村建设行动需要国家进行积极干预的同时,也要充分倾听基层心声,重视农民的声音。在理论层面上,有效的声音表达有利于了解农民需求偏好、形成集体共识、提升基层责任、改善公共物品供给。通过案例研究和实证分析发现,农民声音的有效表达需要一定的条件,取决于村庄横向上的“反弹效应”和政府纵向上的“反馈效应”。横向的“反弹效应”遵循“便利性”和“承认性”两大标准,由此形塑“责任农民”;纵向的“反馈效应”要求政府及时、有效回应农民声音,由此形塑“责任政府”。两大效应根据强弱程度的不同分别形成“理想类型”“弱效应表达”“杂乱无章表达”“无声与沉默”四种表达类型。乡村建设行动的推进需要建立多层次、制度化的声音表达体系,提升农民声音表达的有效性,在建设过程中促进声音表达与责任效力的双重提升。

The implementation of rural construction action requires active intervention by the state,and at the same time it is necessary to fully listen to the voices of the grassroots and pay attention to the voices of peasants.On the theoretical level,effective voice expression is conducive to understanding peasants'needs and preferences,forming a collective consensus,enhancing grassroots responsibilities,and improving the supply of public goods.Through case studies and empirical analysis,it is found that the effective expression of peasants'voices requires certain conditions,which depend on the horizontal“rebound effect”of the village and the vertical“feedback effect”of the government.The horizontal“rebound effect”follows the two major standards of“convenience”and“recognition”,thereby shaping the“responsible peasants”:the vertical“feedback effect”requires the government to respond to the voice of peasants timely and effectively,thereby shaping the“responsible government”.According to the different degree of strength,the two major effects form four expression types:ideal type,weak effect expression,disorderly expression and silence.The promotion of rural construction action requires the establishment of a multi-level and institutionalized voice expression system to enhance the effectiveness of peasants'voice expression,and promote the dual enhancement of voice expression and responsibility effectiveness during the construction process.