面孔识别中的异族效应及事件相关电位特征

Event-related potential characteristics and other race effect in face recognition

目的:探究同族面孔与异族面孔的识别差异。方法:招募12例维吾尔族和12例汉族在校大学生,采用视觉搜索范式和事件相关电位采集技术,将猴子面孔作为干扰刺激图片(每一试次中干扰刺激图片的数量为3或5),维吾尔族、汉族面孔作为目标刺激图片(每一试次中只有1个目标刺激图片)。对被试在图片数量(4或6)和图片类型(同族或异族)实验条件下的行为反应时、N170及代表注意资源分配量的N2pc波幅进行重复测量方差分析。结果:行为反应时结果显示图片数量和图片类型交互作用有统计学意义(F=8.78,P<0.001),干扰刺激数量的增加延长了异族面孔的识别时间,而同族面孔的识别时间不变;N2pc成分图片类型主效应有统计学意义(F=8.28,P<0.001),同族面孔识别前所诱发的N2pc波幅更大;图片数量和图片类型交互作用有统计学意义(F=8.53,P<0.05),异族面孔识别前的N2pc波幅随干扰刺激数量的增加而增大。结论:本研究提示,与异族面孔相比同族面孔的识别不受干扰刺激数量变化的影响,且个体对同族面孔分配了更多注意资源。

Objective:To investigate the recognition differences between own-race faces and other-race faces.Methods:Twelve Uyghur and 12 Han college students participated in this experiment,event-related potential technology and a visual search paradigm was adopted,with monkey pictures as disturbing stimuli(the number of disturbing stimulus pictures in each trial was 3 or 5)and Uighur faces and Chinese faces as target stimuli(there was only 1 target stimulus picture in each trial).Repeated-measurement analysis of variance was performed on the subjects’behavioral response time,N170 and N2 pc amplitude representing the allocation of attention resources under the experimental conditions of the number of pictures(4 or 6)and picture type(same or other race).Results:The results of behavioral response time showed that the number of pictures and picture types had a significant interaction(F=8.78,P<0.001),and the increase in interference significantly prolonged the recognition time of other-race faces,while own-race faces were not affected by this.N2 pc results showed that the main effect of picture type was significant(F=8.28,P<0.001),and the N2 pc wave amplitude induced by the own-race face recognition was greater.The number of pictures and the picture type had a significant interaction(F=8.53,P<0.05),the amplitude of N2 pc before other-race face recognition increased significantly as the amount of interference increases.Conclusion:The results show that compared with other-race faces,own-race faces could not be affected by changes in the number of interfering stimuli during recognition and individuals allocate more attention resources to own-race faces.