授人以渔:数字普惠金融的减贫效应及就业机制

Teaching People to Fish:Poverty Reduction Effects of Digital Financial Inclusion Based on Employment Perspective

文章使用我国2011-2018省际面板数据,采用差分GMM方法实证检验数字普惠金融发展过程中的动态减贫效应,并进一步构建固定面板中介效应框架,分析就业机会在数字普惠金融减贫过程中担任的中介角色。结果表明,数字普惠金融存在显著动态减贫效应;就业机会的中介减贫效应占数字普惠金融减贫总效应的比重高达21.59%;该中介效应存在城乡差异与区域差异,数字普惠金融通过促进就业达到的减贫效果具有异质性。结合当下减贫首要目标为防止相对贫困向绝对贫困转移的背景,文章从"授人以渔"视角出发,指出就业机会在数字普惠金融减贫过程中扮演的重要角色,因此现阶段减贫的侧重点应该是如何通过数字普惠金融来提升居民就业率,使其与弱势群体实现深度融合,从而达到防止返贫的效果。

Using the 2011-2018 inter-provincial panel d ata of China,the difference GMM is used to empirically test the dynamic poverty reduction effect of the development process of digital financial inclusion,further construct a fixed panel intermediary effect framework,and analyze the intermediary role of employment opportunities in the process of digital financial inclusion poverty reduction.The empirical research results show that digital financial inclusion has a significant dynamic poverty reduction effect;the intermediary poverty reduction effect of employment opportunities accounts for 21.59%of the total poverty reduction effect of digital financial inclusion;the intermediary effect has urban-rural differences and regional differences,and the poverty reduction effect achieved by digital financial inclusion through employment promotion is heterogeneous.The primary goal of current poverty reduction is to prevent the transfer of relative poverty to absolute poverty.From the perspective of"giving people how to fish",this article points out the important role of employment opportunities in the poverty reduction process of digital inclusive finance.The focus of poverty reduction at this stage should be how to use digital financial inclusion to increase the employment rate of residents,so that it can achieve deep integration with disadvantaged groups,so as to achieve the effect of preventing poverty.