传统诗教的现代美育转进——以蔡元培美育观为考察中心

The Modern Aesthetic Education Transformation of Traditional Chinese Poetic Education:with Focus on Cai Yuanpei’s Ideas on Aesthetic Education

传统诗教,是以《诗经》为核心并不断向外拓展的教化形式,也是从美育出发并多元敞开的教化形式。它与现代美育因都以陶养情感为基础、以培养完善人格为宗旨和以审美功利为显著特征,从而具有了对接的可能与基础。但蔡元培在建构美育观汲取传统礼乐教化思想时,选择从"六艺"而非从"六经"出发,结果导致对传统诗教美育转化论述的内在化。他从现代文学观念出发重新认识《诗经》,认为《诗经》与现代新诗具有共通性,并将其纳入文学教育体系之中;同时,在"以美育代宗教说"中隐含了美育对传统诗教的承续。由此,传统诗教在现代教育体系中受到现代价值原则的洗礼,进而经过定位调整、内容选择和形式拓展,从而以文学美育的形式继续发挥审美教育功能。

Traditional Chinese poetic education is not only an educational form taking Book of Songs(Shi jing诗经)as its core and expanding outward,but also an educational form starting from aesthetic education and opening up in many ways.Its connection with modern aesthetic education is based on cultivating emotion,cultivating perfect personality and aesthetic utility.However,Cai Yuanpei蔡元培chose six skills(liuyi六艺)rather than six classics(liujing六经)as the basis when he constructed his aesthetic education ideas and absorbed the traditional thoughts of ritual and musical education.This leads to the internalization of his discussion on the transformation of aesthetic education in traditional Chinese poetic education.Cai Yuanpei understood The Book of Songs in the context of modern literary concepts.He considered that The Book of Songs had something in common with modern new poetry and brought it into the literary education system.At the same time,his theory of"replacing religion with aesthetic education"implies the inheritance of aesthetic education to traditional Chinese poetic education.As a result,the traditional Chinese poetic education is inspected by the modern value principles in the modern education system.Then through the positioning adjustment,content selection and form expansion,it plays the aesthetic education function in the form of literature aesthetic education.