2020年后国家贫困瞄准能力建设研究

Research on the National Poverty Targeting Capacity Building after 2020

贫困瞄准能力是国家认证能力的重要表现,虽然在精准扶贫时期国家认证体系建设取得了长足进步,但贫困瞄准能力与贫困治理目标以及治理体系不匹配等问题仍然存在,问题突出表现为精细化设计的贫困量表难以准确评估贫困户、贫困瞄准能力也难以应对乡村的弱分化社会结构,贫困瞄准除了存在错评型偏差、漏评型偏差,此外还存在着模糊型偏差等问题。研究发现,贫困瞄准机制与贫困人口规模分解机制的矛盾影响着贫困认证体系的目标达成,由于国家贫困瞄准能力无法应对基层复杂的社会事实,结果造成贫困瞄准偏差难以消除。长远来看,贫困瞄准能力长效建设需要在四个层面继续发力:完善贫困认证体系,建立浮动型政策帮扶体系,强化对贫困问题的动态化、常态化治理;坚持分类治理原则,明确贫困瞄准的事实标准,改变计划色彩浓厚的贫困人口分解机制;完善公共政策的适应与调适周期,保持灵活调整的纠偏能力,综合提升地方治理效能;将贫困户造假、福利欺诈等行为纳入全国信用信息共享平台,完善社会征信体系建设。

Poverty targeting ability is an important manifestation of the national certification ability.Although the national certification system has made great progress during the period of targeted poverty alleviation, there are still problems such as the mismatch among poverty targeting ability, poverty governance goals and governance system, which is highlighted by the poverty of refined design.The scale is difficult to accurately assess poor households, poverty targeting ability, and it is difficult to cope with the weakly differentiated social structure in the countryside.In addition to mis-evaluation bias and under-evaluation bias, poverty targeting also has problems such as fuzzy bias.The study found that the contradiction between the poverty targeting mechanism and the size breakdown mechanism of the poverty population affects the achievement of the poverty certification system.At the same time, the national poverty targeting ability fails to cope with the complex social facts at the grassroots level.As a result, the poverty targeting bias is difficult to eliminate.From a long-term perspective, the long-term construction of poverty targeting capabilities requires continued efforts at four levels: improve the poverty certification system, establish a floating policy assistance system, and strengthen the dynamic and normal governance of poverty issues;adhere to the principle of classified governance, clarify the de facto standards for poverty targeting, and change the planned decomposition mechanism for the poor;improve the adaptation and adjustment cycle of public policies, maintain the ability to rectify deviations flexibly, and comprehensively improve the effectiveness of local governance;integrate welfare fraud and other behaviors into the national credit information sharing platform, and improve the construction of social credit reporting system.