自然力、普希金传统与诗性表达——论帕斯捷尔纳克诗歌的海洋抒写

Natural force,Pushkin tradition and poetic expression--On the marine writing of Pasternak’s Poetry

海洋(море,океан)是帕斯捷尔纳克诗歌创作中的高频率核心语词。帕斯捷尔纳克聚焦海洋自然力,从自然力(стихия)中发现诗(стихи)、走向诗,并以诗彰显自然力,返回自然;书写"含盐的海洋",明确海洋的物理属性与自然真实,并从中开采、升华出情感诗意;均呼应、契合了茨维塔耶娃的海洋诗学。帕斯捷尔纳克承接普希金传统,植根于宏阔的历史事件、深层的社会变革和独特的个体体验、深刻的个人记忆,完成了俄罗斯文学中"波罗的海/黑海"书写传统的延续与再书写。在泛神论思想及比喻诗学关照下,海洋频频被帕斯捷尔纳克人格化、喻体化,共同指向"世界整体的统一性",并获得了诗性的表达效果。帕斯捷尔纳克诗歌的海洋抒写丰富、拓展了俄罗斯海洋文学的内涵与表达。

Sea(ocean)was a high frequency core word in Pasternak’s poetry.Pasternak focused on the natural force,found poetry and went to poetry;and showed the natural force with poetry,returned to nature;wrote"the salt sea(ocean)",made clear the physical attribute and natural reality of the sea(ocean),extracted and sublimated emotional and poetic from it;all echoed and agreed with Tsvetaeva’s marine poetics.Pasternak inherited the Pushkin’s tradition,rooted in the vast historical events,deep social changes,unique individual experience and profound personal memory,completed the continuation and re writing of the"Baltic/Black Sea"writing tradition in Russian literature.Under the care of pantheism and metaphorical poetics,sea(ocean)was frequently personified and metaphorized by Pasternak,pointing to"the unity of the world as a whole"and had achieved poetic expression effects.The marine writing of Pasternak’s poetry enriched and expanded the connotation and expression of Russian marine literature.