解析抒情诗《帆》应注意的两个问题--洛特曼结构分析法给我们的启示

Two issues that should be noted in the analysis of the lyric The Sail--The enlightenment from Yuri Lotman’s structural analysis

洛特曼的结构诗学既强调文学的符号本质,注重分析文本的内部机制、层级组织,又关注文本与社会—文化环境之间相互作用的外部关系,从而形成了独具特色的文论体系。本文不仅应用洛特曼所倡导的"诗歌研究的统计学方法"对莱蒙托夫代表诗篇《帆》的语言组织及其功能进行了探析,而且还就洛特曼对帆与抒情主体之关系所做出的论断进行了评价,指出:洛特曼融合了透视学等其他学科的诸多概念(如"空间透视""视轴""法线""横截距""水平轴")和研究方法,得出了不同于传统解读的结论。此外,笔者以本文解析内容为依据对此诗做了重译的尝试。

Yuri Lotman’s structural poetics emphasizes the semiotic nature of literature.Focusing on the analysis of the internal mechanism and hierarchical organization of the text,his theory also concerns about the external relationship between the text and its socio-cultural environment,thus forms a distinctive literary theory system.This paper not only applies the"statistical approach to poetry study"advocated by Lotman to explore the linguistic organization and function of M.Lermontov’s representative poem The Sail,but also evaluates Lotman’s assertions on the relationship between the Sail and the lyrical subject,pointing out that Lotman incorporated many concepts(e.g.,"the spatial perspective","the axis of vision","the vertical","the horizontal intercept","the horizontal axis")and research methods from other disciplines such as Perspective,which leads to a conclusion that differs from traditional interpretations.In addition,an attempt has been made by the author to retranslate the poem on the basis of the analysis in this paper.