急性白血病病人病程中灵性需求的特征性调查与目标干预的研究

Characteristics of spiritual needs and targeted interventions in patients with acute leukemia during the course of disease

目的:对急性白血病病人病程中灵性需求的主题特征进行研究并提出积极目标干预的对策。方法:收集符合标准的急性白血病病人共80例纳入研究,采用一般资料调查表、灵性需求评估量表(SNAP)等进行系统调查,结合调查结果和访谈资料分析病人灵性需求的现状及特点,并从灵性照护的角度出发给予合理的目标干预,采用RS-14韧性量表、SCCS自我和谐量表对干预前后的效果进行观察。结果:急性白血病病人灵性需求程度明显,SNAP得分总分为(54.86±19.20)分,高于均分的病人占比为54.61%,灵性需求具体条目得分由高到低前五依次为“学会处理悲伤情绪”“寻找心灵的安宁”“与亲近的人分享您的想法”“讨论人生的意义和目的”和“缓解您对家庭的担心”。经护理团队根据灵性需求特征进行目标干预后,受试病人RS-14韧性量表、SCCS自我和谐量表部分条目分及总分改善明显(P<0.05~P<0.01)。结论:急性白血病病人灵性困扰与灵性需求显著,临床应从“全人服务”理念出发,妥善发挥灵性照护功能,给予病人精神发展和自我和谐成长的主题干预,以利于灵性健康和生存质量的提高。

Objective:To study the thematic characteristics of spiritual needs in patients with acute leukemia during the course of disease,and propose countermeasures for positive target intervention.Methods:A total of 80 patients with acute leukemia were investigated using the general data questionnaire and spiritual needs assessment scale(SNAP).Based on the survey results and interview data,the status quo and characteristics of patients′spiritual needs were analyzed,and the reasonable target intervention was implemented from the perspective of spiritual care.The RS-14 resilience scale and SCCS self-congruence scale were used to observe the effects before and after intervention.Results:The spiritual needs in patients with acute leukemia were obvious.The total score of SNAP was(54.86±19.20)points,and the proportion of patients with higher than the average score was 54.61%.The top five items for specific spiritual needs,ranking from highest to lowest,were"learning to deal with grief","finding peace of mind","sharing your thoughts with those close to you","discussing the meaning and purpose of life"and"easing your worries about your family."After the targeted intervention was implemented by the nursing team according to the characteristics of spiritual needs,the scores of some items and total scores of the RS-14 resilience scale and SCCS self-concordant scale were significantly improved,and the differences of those between before and after intervention were statistically significant(P<0.05 to P<0.01).Conclusions:The spiritual distress and spiritual needs of acute leukemia patients are significant,and the clinical practice should start from the concept of"whole-person service",give proper play to the spiritual care function,give patients the theme intervention of spiritual development and self-harmonious growth,in order to improve the spiritual health and quality of life.