大学新生结核病防治核心知识知晓情况及其影响因素分析

Awareness of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment and the analysis of its influencing factors for college freshmen

目的了解大学新生对新8条结核病防治核心知识的知晓情况,分析影响大学新生结核病防治核心知识总知晓率“达标”的因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取广西某医学院校2019年新入学本科生为调查对象,通过现场问卷调查,了解他们对结核病防治核心知识的知晓情况,对影响他们结核病防治核心知识总知晓率“达标”的因素进行单因素及二分类Logistic回归分析。结果大学新生对新8条结核病防治核心知识的总知晓率为73.3%,其中对“保证充足的睡眠、合理膳食和加强体育锻炼可以减低肺结核的发生”的知晓率最高,达88.8%);对“出现咳嗽、咳痰2周以上症状,应当怀疑得了肺结核,要及时就诊”的知晓率最低,仅47.5%。单因素分析结果显示,不同生源地、是否听说过结核病、是否接受过结核病健康教育的医学院校入校新生的结核病防治核心知识总知晓率“达标”情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,生源地、是否接受过结核病健康教育、是否听说过结核病是大学新生结核病防治核心知识总知晓率“达标”的独立影响因素。结论大学新生结核病防治核心知识的总知晓率较低,生源地、是否接受过结核病健康教育、是否听说过结核病是大学新生结核病防治核心知识总知晓率“达标”的独立影响因素,高校需加强对大学新生的结核病防治理论和实践教育。

Objective To understand the awareness of 8 new core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment,and to analyze its factors for affecting“standards”of core knowledge awareness of tuberculosis among college freshmen.Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select undergraduate freshmen from a medical school in Guangxi in 2019 as the survey subjects.On-site questionnaire surveys were employed to understand the core knowledge awareness of tuberculosis prevention and treatment among college freshmen.The univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the affecting factors for“standards”of core knowledge awareness of tuberculosis prevention and treatment among college freshmen.Results The total awareness rate of the new 8 core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment among college freshmen was 73.3%,among which the awareness rate of“ensuring adequate sleep,reasonable diet,and strengthening physical exercise can reduce the incidence of tuberculosis”was the highest,reaching for 88.8%.The awareness rate of“coughing and sputum expectoration for more than 2 weeks should be suspected of having tuberculosis and seeking medical attention in time”was the lowest,only for 47.5%.The univariate analysis results showed that the overall awareness rate of“standards”of tuberculosis prevention and treatment core knowledge in different student-origin,the presence of college freshmen who had heard of tuberculosis,and the presence of college freshmen who had received tuberculosis health education,was statistically significantly different(P<0.05).The results of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that student-origin,the presence of having received health education concerning tuberculosis,and the presence of having heard of tuberculosis were independent affecting factors for“standards”of the overall awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and treatment core knowledge among college freshmen.Conclusion The college freshmen have a low awareness rate of core knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment.The student-origin,the presence of having received health education concerning tuberculosis,and the presence of having heard of tuberculosis are independent affecting factors for“standards”of the overall awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and treatment core knowledge among college freshmen.Colleges and universities should strengthen the theoretical and practical education of tuberculosis prevention and treatment for freshmen.