父母外出务工对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响研究

The Influence of Parents’Migration for Work on the Rural Left-behind Children’s Mental Health

留守儿童心理健康问题引起了社会和学界的广泛关注。由于选择性偏差和测度方法的差异,父母外出务工与留守儿童心理健康的因果联系在当前没有得到充分的论证。为此,文章基于2017年湖北省农村留守儿童健康调查数据,运用反事实方法,从父母缺席的理论视角分析了父母外出务工对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响,并深入探讨了父母外出务工对留守儿童社交心理维度的作用机制。研究发现,留守儿童总体心理健康水平与非留守儿童相比没有显著差异。但在社交心理维度上,父母外出务工会使留守儿童出现自我孤独感和社交回避的概率分别提高10.63%、10.96%。与父亲相比,母亲外出务工更容易使留守儿童产生自我孤独感。留守儿童年龄越小,产生自我孤独感的概率越高。随着年龄的增长,留守儿童更容易产生社交回避。因此,应高度重视留守儿童各阶段的心理状况并给予疏导和帮助。

The left-behind children’s mental health has attracted widespread attention from the social and academic fields.Due to the selectivity bias and different measurement methods,now the causality between parents’migration for work and left-behind children’s mental health has not been fully demonstrated.Based on the data of 2017 rural left-behind children health survey in Hubei Province,using the counterfactual method,this paper focuses on the rural leftbehind children’s mental health from the perspective of absentee parents,and probes into the mechanism of parents’migration for work on the left-behind children’social psychology.The results showed that there was no significant difference of mental health between left-behind children and the others.But on the social psychology,parents’migration for work raised the probability of left-behind children’s self loneliness by 10.63%and the probability of their social avoidance by 10.96%.Compared with the father,the left-behind children are more likely to feel lonely when the mother goes out to work.The younger the left-behind children are,the higher the probability of self loneliness is.As getting older,left-behind children are more likely to have social avoidance.Therefore,we should care about the psychological status and changes of left-behind children at all stages.