陕西家禽产业健康可持续发展大布局

Overall Arrangement of Healthy and SustainableDevelopment of Poultry Industry in Shaanxi

家禽产业是我国现代畜牧业中仅次于生猪的第二大畜牧支柱产业。该文以陕西为例,探究家禽产业健康可持续发展大布局。陕西家禽产业发展表现的特征为:(1)“三大块”:以蛋鸡为主、快大型肉鸡和优质肉鸡并举;(2)生态布局“三大区”:主要分布在关中,其次在陕南,陕北近年来发展较快;(3)产业转型“三大步”:规模养殖、蛋鸡专业化和多元化养殖加快;(4)工艺改革“三突出”:肉鸡由散养向笼养变革较快,层叠式笼养模式稳步推进,鸡场清粪工艺变革加快。产业健康发展的难题为无抗养殖、产业链延伸的“阴阳脸”和粪污处理利用。基于本区域产业基础,今后产业健康发展的布局要围绕“产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好”的目标,着力突出产业和生态区域布局、突出地域特色,主推以家庭农场适度规模为主体的两种健康养殖模式和工艺,强化粪污有机肥化主渠道产业链建设,在强化陕西家禽产业高质量发展的四大技术保障支撑上下功夫。

The poultry industry is the second pillar industry of animal husbandry in China,second only to pigs.This article takes Shaanxi as an example to explore the overall arrangement of the healthy and sustainable development of poultry industry.The development of poultry industry in Shaanxi displays the following characteristics:(1)“three major sections”:layinghens are mainly raised,together with fast and large broilers and high-quality broilers;(2)the ecological layout covers three major areas,with the central part of Shaanxi developing the fastest,Southern Shaanxi the next,and Northern Shaanxi burgeoning in recent years;(3)“three major steps”in industrial transformation:large-scale breeding,specialization of laying hens,and diversified breeding;(4)“three shifts in technological reform”:broilers are more kept in cages now than free-range,the battery husbandry is forged ahead steadily,and the manure removal technology in chicken farms is accelerated.Antibiotic-free breeding,difficulties in extension of the industrial chain,and manure treatment and utilization have become tricky issues in the healthy development of the industry.Based on the industrial foundation of the region,the layout of healthy development of the industry in the future will focus on the goals of“high output,product safety,resource conservation,and environmental protection”.The industrial and ecological regional layout will be highlighted,so will be regional characteristics.Two healthy breeding modes and technologies featuring family farms will be popularized.Furthermore,the industrial chain on manure sourced organic fertilizer will be constructed.To this end,strenuous efforts are entailed on four technologies to guarantee high-quality development of the poultry industry in Shaanxi province.