制种玉米种穗收获机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Ear Harvester for Seed Corn

针对国内制种玉米种穗缺少相应的收获机,而制种玉米收获劳动强度大,现有玉米收获机的果穗损失率、落地籽粒损失率等技术指标不能满足使用要求等问题,设计了对中拉茎切柄、柔性摘穗、快速清种制种玉米种穗收获机。简述了整机结构和工作原理,对关键部件进行了理论分析、设计计算和选型,通过田间试验对该机的可靠性和实用性进行验证。以割台拉茎辊转速、前进速度、排杂风机转速作为试验因素,以果穗损失率和落地籽粒损失率为性能指标,进行了三因素三水平正交试验,通过方差分析获得最优参数组合为前进速度4.83 km/h、割台拉茎辊转速788 r/min、排杂风机转速1200 r/min,此时果穗损失率为1.83%,落地籽粒损失率为1.01%。将对应参数进行试验验证,得到验证试验结果为:果穗损失率1.85%,落地籽粒损失率1.01%。优化结果与验证试验结果基本一致,整机各项性能指标满足使用要求。

In view of the lack of corresponding ear harvesting machines for domestic seed corn,the high labor intensity of seed corn harvesting,and the existing corn harvesters'inability to meet the requirements of the use of technical indicators such as ear loss rate and landing kernel loss rate,a corn ear harvester with middle-stretched stem cutting handle,flexible ear picking and rapid seed clearing of seed corn was designed.The structure and working principle of the whole machine were briefly described,and the key components were theoretically analyzed,calculated and selected.In order to verify the reliability and practicability of the machine performance,field tests were carried out.Taking the rotation speed of the pulling stem roller,the forward speed,and the speed of the trash exhaust fan as the test factors,the three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment was carried out based on the performance index of the loss rate of ears and the loss rate of landing kernels,and the range analysis and variance analysis had a significant impact on each factor.The optimal parameter combination was selected for each test factor:the forward speed was 4.83 km/h,rotation speed of the pulling stem roller was 788 r/min,and the speed of the trash exhaust fan was 1200 r/min,the ear loss rate was 1.83%,and the landing kernel loss rate was 1.01%.The corresponding parameters were tested and verified,and the results of the verification test were obtained:the loss rate of ears was 1.85%,and the loss rate of landing kernel was 1.01%.The optimization results were basically consistent with the verification test results,and the prediction model was reliable.The operating performance of the whole machine met the technical requirements of seed production corn ear harvesting.