人脸识别规制中公共利益的限度

The limits of Public Interests in the Regulation of Face Recognition

人脸识别技术的迅猛发展给日常生活带来很多的便利的同时,也给个人信息、隐私甚至个人尊严带来了风险;特别是其在公共空间的应用,带来了公共利益和私人利益间的冲突。在我国现行立法中,并没有对人脸识别中公共利益与个人利益的平衡做出明确规定。对此,实践中往往借助“目的限制原则”对二者进行衡量后决定何者具有优先性。但是此项原则存在语义的含糊性和适用的灵活性,往往成为以公共利益为由滥用人脸识别技术的借口,对“风险社会”背景下的公共利益与隐私权的权衡提出了巨大的挑战。欧美的人脸识别规制路径虽各有侧重,但不难发现他们对人脸识别的使用均倾向于置于特定的场景下讨论。即便出于对公共利益的考量而使用人脸识别技术,也须经严格的审查和监管。通过对比国内外相关监管举措,探求人脸识别中公共利益的限度,以期为我国人脸识别的立法和实践提供镜鉴。

The rapid development of face recognition technology brings a lot of convenience to our daily life,while brings some risks to personal information,privacy and personal dignity.Especially its application in public space brings some conflicts between public and private interests.In this regard,the"Principle of Purpose Limitation"is often used to determine which one has priority after measuring in practice.However,due to the semantic ambiguity and flexibility of application,this principle often becomes an excuse to abuse face recognition technology on the grounds of public interest,and poses a huge challenge to the balance between public interest and privacy in the context of“risk society”.Although the related regulations in Europe and America have their own focuses,it is not difficult to find that their use of face recognition tends to be discussed in specific scenarios.Even if face recognition technology is used out of public interest,it must be subject to strict review and supervision.By comparing foreign regulations and Chinese’s,this article tries to explore the limits of public interest in face recognition,and provide some benefits for the legislation and practice of face recognition in China.