仲裁协议在第三人利益合同中的效力扩张--从《民法典》第522条切入

Expansion of Arbitration Agreement in the Contract for the Benefit of Third Party

《民法典》第522条给予真正第三人利益合同中的第三方以合同履行请求权,在以往司法实践中对于第三人利益合同中第三方的合同履行请求权是否涵盖仲裁协议这一问题,存在着不同的做法。笔者对国内外仲裁协议在第三人利益合同中向第三方扩张的相关判例进行比较,提出在真正第三人利益合同中,第三方的合同履行请求权应涵盖仲裁协议,仲裁协议应扩张至第三方以保障第三方的权益;对于不真正第三人利益合同,亦可借鉴普通法系国家的做法,将仲裁协议扩张至第三方以符合效益与公正的价值取向。仲裁协议在第三人利益合同中的效力扩张是对《民法典》第522条保护合同当事方与第三方权益的程序性支持。

Article 522 of PRC’s Civil Code gives third party right to claim the performance of the contract.According to the past judicial practice,there are different approaches to the issue of whether the third party’s claim for performance of the contract covers the arbitration agreement in the contract for the benefit of third party.By comparing the relevant situations of whether the arbitration agreement should expand to the third party in the contract for the benefit of third party,the author points out that in the real contract for the benefit of third party,third party’s claim for the performance of the contract should cover the arbitration agreement to protect the rights and interests of the third party.In the unreal contract for the benefit of third party,we could draw on the experience of the common law countries.That is the arbitration agreement should expand to the third party to meet the value orientation of efficiency and justice.The expansion of the validity of arbitration agreement in the contract for the benefit of third party is the procedural support for article 522 of the Civil Code to protect the rights and interests of the parties and the third party of the contract.