新发传染病下孕产妇压力状况相关因素分析

Research on the psychological stress and its associated factors of pregnant women during the epidemics of emerging infectious diseases

目的通过问卷调查了解新发传染病期间孕产妇的心理压力状况并探究相关影响因素,为公共卫生事件下孕产妇的心理干预提供理论依据。方法研究采用现况调查的方式,于2020年4月至7月共纳入武汉市和黄冈市的293例孕妇作为调查对象,使用一般资料问卷、知觉压力量表和心理韧性量表等进行调查。结果孕产妇知觉压力量表平均得分为(17.75±6.07),其中无/轻度压力占22.8%、中度压力63.1%、重度压力占14.1%。多因素线性回归分析显示:孕妇心理韧性差(β=-0.206,95%CI:-0.288~-0.124),对自己(β=1.695,95%CI:0.625~2.766)和宝宝感染新发病毒的风险过度担忧(β=1.775,95%CI:0.640~2.910),以及家庭收入过低(β=-0.370,95%CI:-0.729~-0.012)是疫情期间孕产妇压力情绪的主要影响因素。结论新发传染病流行期间孕产妇普遍存在心理压力。医疗机构需重视突发公共卫生事件时期的孕产妇的心理负担状况,对于重点人群应加强社会支持,及时提供心理辅导,以改善孕产妇的不良情绪和促进母婴健康。

Objective To investigate the occurrence of maternal stress under the epidemic,and analyze its relevant factors,to provide a reference for improving pregnancy quality and psychological counseling services during pregnancy.Methods From April to July 2020,293 pregnant women from maternity and childcare hospital in Wuhan and Huanggang were selected as the subjects of the cross-sectional survey.Results The average score of the PSS pressure scale for pregnant women was(17.75±6.07),among which no/mild,moderate and severe stress accounted for 22.8%,63.1%and 14.1%,respectively.According to multiple linear regression analysis,the factors affecting the maternal stress level of pregnant women are poor psychological resilience(β=-0.206,95%CI:-0.288~-0.124),low family income(β=-0.370,95%CI:-0.729~-0.012),excessively fearful about their babies(β=1.775,95%CI:0.640~2.910)and themselves(β=1.695,95%CI:0.625~2.766)about infected with the new virus.Conclusion The present study explores the factors related to maternal stress and depression during the epidemic.For pregnant women with high psychological stress,it is recommended that medical staff and family members should take care of them in a timely manner,strengthen their social support,and provide psychological counseling positively in order to improve pregnant women′s psychological mood and promote maternal and infant health.