新疆维吾尔族达卜的节奏特征探微

AN INQUIRY INTO THE RHYTHMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF UYGUR DAP

新疆维吾尔族达卜是该地区代表性的打击乐器,被广泛运用于歌舞、器乐、木卡姆等艺术形式,具有独特的形态特征。一方面,维吾尔族达卜司鼓手法多样,风格奔放、灵活随性,在与歌、舞的密切互动中形成了独特而丰富的节奏语言,且常常在表演过程中兼具指挥与统率的功能;另一方面,极富民族特色的歌、舞以及木卡姆等表演形式与风格特点,又对达卜节奏的各种功能、特征的形成具有重要的影响或决定作用。从达卜的演奏特点、音色、节拍、结构等不同侧面分析其相关节奏的形态特征,以期从它与歌、舞、木卡姆等不同艺术形式的关系分析这些特征形成的原因。

Dap,the representative pecussion of Uygur,has been widely used in songs,dances,instrumental music and Mukam.Having been vigorous and flexible,it gradually poccesses a unique rhythmic language and usually functions as conductor or guide during performances.The songs,dances and Mukam with distictive ethno-features have been influential even decisive in the uses and characteristics of dap.The rhythmic charateristics of dap are analyzed from its performing technique,timbre,rhythm and structure to reveal the cause of how they came into being during dap’s interrelation with songs,dances and Mukam.