黑龙江丰林国家级自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估与分析

Evaluation and analysis on ecosystem service value of Fenglin National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China

【目的】丰林国家级自然保护区以北温带原始阔叶红松林生态系统和珍稀野生动植物为保护对象,是我国北方红松林中最具代表性的国家级自然保护区,也是我国首个通过森林认证的自然保护区。对丰林国家级自然保护区生态系统服务价值的估算,有助于提高对自然保护区功能及其重要性的认识,能够为生态功能区划布局,保护区的规划、建设,以及生态保护的货币化补偿政策提供价值评定依据。【方法】根据丰林国家级自然保护区2013年森林资源调查数据,综合运用市场价值法、旅行费用法、影子工程法等定量分析方法,从生态服务、生物多样性保护和社区发展3个维度对丰林国家级自然保护区的生态系统服务价值进行全面重新估算。【结果】丰林国家级自然保护区生态系统服务价值为149366.42×10^(4)元/a,平均每公顷价值8.22×10^(4)元/a,高于已有对丰林国家级自然保护区的价值研究和全国森林的平均水平。按具体项目划分,生物多样性保护(36.80%)>涵养水源(21.34%)>保育土壤(19.88%)>固碳释氧(15.02%)>净化大气(5.61%)>累积营养物质(0.80%)>服务社会(0.39%)>社区发展(0.14%)。【结论】生物多样性保护价值应是自然保护区生态系统服务的核心价值,生物多样性的保护与延续为生态系统服务提供了可持续的源动力。丰林国家级自然保护区在黑龙江省生物多样性保护、水源涵养及保育土壤等生态功能中占有重要的位置。

[Objective]Fenglin National Nature Reserve is the most representative national nature reserve of Korean pine forest in North China,and it is also the first nature reserve that has passed forest certification in China.The estimation of ecosystem service value of Fenglin National Nature Reserve is helpful to improve the understanding of the function and its importance of nature reserve,and can provide evaluation basis for the division and layout of ecological function,planning and construction of the nature reserve,and the monetary compensation policy of ecological protection.[Method]According to the forest resources survey data of Fenglin National Nature Reserve in 2013,this paper comprehensively re-estimates the ecosystem service value of Fenglin National Nature Reserve from the perspective of ecological service,biodiversity conservation and community development by quantitative analysis methods,such as market value method,travel cost method and shadow engineering method.[Result]The annual comprehensive value of Fenglin National Nature Reserve was 149366.42×10^(4)CNY/year,and the average value per hectare was 8.22×10^(4)CNY/year,which was higher than the research on the value of Fenglin Nature Reserve and the national average level of forest.According to specific items,biodiversity conservation(36.80%)>water conservation(21.34%)>soil conservation(19.88%)>carbon fixation and oxygen release(15.02%)>atmosphere purification(5.61%)>nutrient accumulation(0.80%)>social services(0.39%)>community development(0.14%).[Conclusion]The value of biodiversity protection should be the core value of nature reserves.The protection and continuation of biodiversity provide sustainable source power for ecosystem services.Fenglin National Nature Reserve plays an important role in biodiversity conservation,water conservation and soil conservation in Heilongjiang Province.