国有企业混合所有制改革的碳减排效应及其机制分析——基于中国工业企业污染数据库的微观证据

Carbon Emission Reduction Effect and Mechanism Analysis of Mixed Ownership Reform of State-owned Enterprises Based on Micro-evidence from the Pollution Database of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

基于中国工业企业污染数据库与中国工业企业数据库匹配数据,采用基于倾向得分匹配的多期DID方法对国企混改的碳减排效应、结论异质性及微观机制进行讨论。研究发现:国有企业混合所有制改革具有显著的碳减排效应,与对照组相比,国企混改样本平均处理效应为-6.4%,在缓解内生性问题及进行一系列稳健性检验后结论仍然成立。采用三重差分法(DDD)检验了研究结论异质性特征,发现国企混改的碳减排效应在国企参股企业、清洁生产行业、低行业集中度水平和出口企业中更显著。微观机制方面,对技术进步、能源效率提升、能源结构清洁化三条机制渠道进行了检验,发现能源效率提升是国企混改碳减排效应的最重要机制渠道,企业能源效率改善所带来的碳减排间接效应占碳减排总效应的62.96%;但国企混改未能通过促进企业能源结构清洁化这一渠道显著促进碳减排;由于技术减排效应弱于能源回弹效应,国企混改也未能通过技术进步渠道促进碳减排。为此,应持续深入推动国有企业混合所有制改革,探索建立重点行业国企混改与节能减排政策协同机制,重视国企混改绩效多重异质性特征,提高企业能源利用效率,促进能源结构清洁化。

Based on the matching data of micro data of Chinese industrial enterprise pollution database and the Chinese industrial enterprise database,this study uses the multi-period PSM-DID method to conduct an empirical study on the carbon emission reduction effect of the mixed reform of stateowned enterprises,and makes detailed discussion of the heterogeneity and micro-mechanism.The study finds that,the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises has significantly reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 6.4%.Furthermore,the study uses the Triple Difference Method(DDD)to test the heterogeneity,and finds that the carbon emission reduction effect is more significant in state-owned shareholding enterprises,cleaner production industries,low market concentration environments,and export-oriented enterprises.For the micro-mechanisms,this study examines the three mechanism channels of technological progress,energy efficiency improvement,and cleaner energy structure,finding that energy efficiency improvement is the most important mechanism channel,of which the indirect effects accounted for 62.96%of the total carbon emission reduction effect.However,the channel of cleaner energy structure is not significant;and perhaps because the technological emission reduction is weaker than the energy rebound effect,the channel of technological progress is not significant.According to relative conclusions,this study proposes to continue to promote the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises,explore the establishment of a coordination mechanism for the mixed-ownership reform and energy conservation&emission reduction policies in key industries,pay attention to the multiple heterogeneous characteristics state-owned enterprises,and improve the energy efficiency and the cleaner energy structure.