增加值贸易视角下发达国家与发展中国家贸易隐含碳排放对比分析

A Comparative Analysis of Trade Embodied Carbon Emissions of Developed and Developing Countries from the Perspective of Value-added Trade

利用Eora多区域投入产出数据库,在增加值贸易核算框架下测算全球189个国家(地区)之间的贸易隐含碳进出口情况,重点讨论发展中国家(地区)和发达国家(地区)增加值贸易隐含碳排放的流动趋势与行业特征。研究发现:1)发达国家(地区)是全球主要的增加值贸易隐含碳净进口地,而发展中国家(地区)则是主要的增加值贸易隐含碳净出口地,2000—2015年发展中国家(地区)增加值贸易隐含碳净出口量不断增长,2015年发展中国家(地区)的增加值贸易隐含碳净出口量占全球增加值贸易隐含碳净出口总量的95%左右。2)中国、印度、俄罗斯、南非、阿尔及利亚、哈萨克斯坦等发展中国家(地区)对美国、日本、德国、英国、新加坡、法国等发达国家(地区)的隐含碳净出口比重在50%至90%以上。3)从行业上看,发展中国家(地区)对发达国家(地区)的中间产品和最终产品增加值贸易隐含碳净出口均主要集中于电、煤气和水,石油、化工和非金属矿物产品,运输业,采矿和采石,电气机械等行业,主要行业的中间产品增加值贸易隐含碳净流动多数高于最终产品。发展中国家(地区)替发达国家(地区)承担着全球主要的碳排放生产者责任,中国作为全球最大的隐含碳流出国,加快产业转型升级,实现低碳发展刻不容缓。

Based on value added trade accounting method,using the Eora multi-region input-output database,trade embodied carbon import and export among 189 countries or regions around the world were measured,focusing on the flow trends and industry characteristics of trade embodied carbon emissions from developing countries or regions and developed countries or regions.Results shows that developed countries or regions are the world’s major importer of trade embodied carbon,while developing countries or regions are the main exporters of embodied carbon.From 2000 to 2015,trade net embodied carbon export among developing countries or regions has continued to grow.At present,the net export of embodied carbon in developing countries and regions,accounts for about 95%of the total global net export of embodied carbon.Developing countries or regions such as China,India,Russia,South Africa,Algeria,Kazakhstan has a proportion of the net export of embodied carbon to the United States,Japan,Germany,the United Kingdom,Singapore,France and other developed countries or regions ranging from 50%to 90%.In terms of industry,the net export of embodied carbon in developing countries to developed countries is mainly concentrated on energy-intensive products;the value-added trade embodied carbon emission net flow of intermediate products in major industries is mostly higher than that of final products.Developing countries undertake the obligations of the world’s major carbon emission producers for developed countries and regions.As the largest embodied carbon emitter,it is urgent for China to accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading,in order to achieve low-carbon development.