水杨酸及亚精胺对淹水桃幼树挥发物质的影响

Effect of Salicylic Acid and Spermidine on Volatile Components of Young Peach with Water-logging

探索水杨酸和亚精胺对淹水条件下桃树根、枝和叶等器官挥发物质的变化,为桃树淹水生理及其预防提供理论和实践依据。固相微萃取(SPME)方法吸附桃树中的挥发性物质,气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)分析了挥发性物质的主要成分。结果表明,桃幼树根、枝及叶中挥发物质主要成分为苯甲醛,相对含量为54.3~66.3%。淹水及叶面喷布水杨酸(SA)和亚精胺均对桃幼树器官中挥发性物质产生较大影响。淹水桃幼树挥发性物质总量显著降低,其中枝中挥发物质数量变化幅度最大(降低了58.3%)。淹水桃幼树根中苯甲醛相对含量明显下降,醇类和烯烃类物质含量增加,其他如乙基戊基酮(相对含量23.7%)、邻甲基苯甲醚(12.87%)、甲基萘(11.24%)等物质相对含量明显增加,酯类未检出;淹水桃幼树枝中苯甲醛及烯烃类数量下降明显;淹水对桃幼树叶中挥发物质影响最小。叶面喷施SA的淹水桃幼树根和枝中挥发物质的总量显著增加,种类更加丰富。SA处理的淹水桃根中α-蒎烯、莰烯及苯甲醛等含量显著增加,乙基戊基酮、邻甲基苯甲醚及甲基萘等物质相对含量明显降低;桃枝中苯甲醛等相对含量显著增加;喷施SA对叶中挥发物质总量影响不明显。叶面喷施亚精胺的淹水桃幼树根中苯甲醛及烯烃类物质含量均明显增加,乙基戊基酮和邻甲基苯甲醚等物质未检出,甲基萘含量增加;亚精胺喷施的淹水桃幼树枝中挥发物质数量增多,苯甲醛等含量增加;而叶中醛类数量变化不明显,但苯甲醛含量显著增加。叶面喷施水杨酸和亚精胺均提高了淹水桃幼树根中烯烃类数量及相对含量、枝和叶中醛类含量,抑制桃根、枝及叶中醇类物质的生成。

To explore the changes of volatile components of peach tree root,stem and leaf with water logging stress and foliar spraying salicylic acid or anspermide,and provide theoretical and practical basis for the physiological and prevention of the flood of peach trees.Using solid phase microextraction(SPME)combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS),volatile components were extracted from the root,branch and leaf of the one-year peach cultivar’Zhong-you-4’.Benzaldehyde are the major constituent with the relative contents between 54.3%and 66.3%in the root,branch and leaf of the 1-year peach tree.There were obvious difference the volatile substances of the 3-organs of the one-year peache with the water logging stress,foliar spray the salicylic acid(SA)and the anspermide.With the waterlogging stress,the amounts of volatile substances such as benzaldehyde and olefin in the 1-year peach tree were significantly decreased,and there was the largest chang ranges(down 58.3%)in the amount of volatile matter of the peach tree branches;and the benzaldehyde relative contents decreased obviously,the relative contents of alcohols and olefin,others such as ethyl ketone of amyl(relative content 23.7%),adjacent methyl benzene methyl ether(12.87%)and methyl naphthalene(11.24%)increased obviously,and esters not detected in the peach tree roots;and there was the least effect on the volatile matter with the waterlogging stress in the leaves of the yong peach trees.The total amount of volatiles in the root and branch of the peach trees with the water logging stress was significantly increased,and the variety was more abundant with the foliar spray SA.With the foliar spray SA,the relative contents of alpha-pinene,camphene and benzaldehyde were significantly increased,and the relative contents of ethyl ketone,o-methyl phenyl ether and methyl naphthalene were significantly decreased in the root of peach tree with the waterlogging stress.And the relative content of benzaldehyde in the branch of peach tree with the waterlogging stress was significantly increased.The effect of SA was not obvious on the total amount of volatile matter in the leaf of peach tree with the waterlogging stress.With the foliar spray anspermide and the waterlogging stress,the relative contents of benzaldehyde and olefin were significantly increased in the root of peach tree,which was not detected with ethyl ketone and o-methylphenylether,and the content of methyl naphthalene was increased.The number of volatile matter and the relative benzaldehyde content were increased in the peach-tree branchs.The number of aldehydes in peach-tree leaf was not obvious,but the relative content of benzaldehyde increased significantly.They were increased the amount and the relative contents of alkenes in the root,and the relative contents of aldehydes in the leaves and branches in the 1-year peach tree with water logging stress and foliar spraying salicylic acid or anspermide,and the relative contents of alcohols were inhibited in the root,branch and leaf of the 1-year peach trees.