11种柏科植物挥发油成分分析

Analysison Essential Oil Componentsfrom Eleven Speciesof Cupressaceae

为进一步了解柏科植物挥发油的组成。本文以11种柏科植物(匍地柏、铅笔柏、高山柏、鹿角柏、金钟柏、日本香柏、北美香柏、福建柏、绿干柏、孔雀柏和千头柏)叶为实验材料,采用有机溶剂-水蒸气蒸馏法提取铁挥发油,利用气质联用仪分析鉴定其中的化学成分和相对含量,并运用主成分分析(PCA)进行了多变量分析。结果表明:匍地柏、铅笔柏、高山柏和鹿角柏(圆柏属)、福建柏(福建柏属)和孔雀柏(扁柏属)主要以萜烯类和醇类为主;金钟柏、日本香柏和北美香柏(崖柏属)、绿干柏(柏木属)和千头柏(侧柏属)主要以萜烯类、醇类和酮类为主。11种柏科植物有49种共有成分(≥6),仅占所有挥发油成分的10.71%,特有成分较多(≤5),共有成分和特有成分共同作用使得每种植物呈现出不同气味。主成分分析提取了3个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到98.63%,同属植物基本能够聚集在一起。植物挥发油成分极其复杂,承担着抗菌、抑菌、杀虫等多种生物学功能,本研究为柏科植物的合理利用提供了一定的理论依据,此外,主成分分析的方法还可作为柏科植物分类的依据之一。

In order to further understand the composition of essential oil from Cupressaceae,the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Cupressaceae(Sabina procumbens(Endl.)Iwata et Kusaka,Sabina virginiana(L.)Antoine,Sabina squamata(Buch.-Hamilt.)Ant,Sabina chinensis(L.)Antoine cv.Pfitzeriana,American arborvitae,Thuja standishii(Gord.)Carr,Thuja occidentalis L.,Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn)Henry et Thomas,Cupressus arizonica Greene,Chamaecyparis obtuse cv.Tetragon and Platycladus orientalis’sieboldii’)were analyzed in this study,The volatile oil were obtained by ethyl acetate distillation method and then analyzed by GC-MS,besides,multivariate analysis was performed by using principal component analysis(PCA).The study showed that S.procumbens(Endl.)Iwata et Kusaka,S.virginiana(L.)Antoine,S.squamata(Buch.-Hamilt.)Ant and S.chinensis(L.)Antoine cv.Pfitzeriana(Sabina),F.hodginsii(Dunn)Henry et Thomas(F.hodginsii)and C.obtuse cv.Tetragon(Chamaecyparis)were mainly composed of terpene and alcohols.A.arborvitae,T.standishii(Gord.)Carr,T.occidentalis L.(valuable arborvitae),C.arizonica Greene(cypresses)and P.orientalis’sieboldii’(Platycladus)were mainly composed of terpene,alcohols and ketones.There were 49 kinds of common components(≥6)in11 kinds of plants,accounted for only 10.71%of all essential oil components,and more specific components(≤5),common composition and unique elements together make each plant presents different smell.Three principal components were formed,and their total accounted for 98.63%of the total variation,same genus were basically able to gather together.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of the cupressaceae,in addition,the method of principal component analysis could be used as one of the basis for the classification of the cupressaceae.