广州番禺区医务人员艾滋病歧视现状及其影响因素

Current situation of AIDS discrimination in medical staff at Panyu District,Guangzhou and the influencing factors

目的了解广州市番禺区医务人员艾滋病歧视现状,为当地制订相关宣教策略提供参考。方法2020年12月,采用方便抽样方法开展横断面调查,在广州市番禺区15所一级及以上公立医院的医务人员中,每所医院抽取不少于50名医务人员,采用Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表中文版开展问卷调查,采用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析。结果共调查医务人员894名,年龄(32.30±7.83)岁;男性占30.31%(271/894),女性占69.69%(623/894);大学及以上文化占59.17%(529/894);已婚占68.12%(609/894);工作年限(9.51±7.98)年。Zelaya艾滋病歧视量表中文版“担心传染和感染疾病”“将艾滋病与耻辱、责怪和偏见联系在一起”“个人歧视行为”“社会歧视行为”维度评分及量表总分分别为(2.65±0.61)分、(2.41±0.46)分、(2.30±0.43)分、(2.59±0.59)分和(2.49±0.35)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,工作岗位进入总量表和“担心传染和感染疾病”维度的多元线性回归模型;文化程度进入总量表、“将艾滋病与耻辱、责怪和偏见联系在一起”维度、“个人歧视行为”维度和“社会歧视行为”维度的多元线性回归模型;职业暴露处置措施掌握情况进入总量表、“个人歧视行为”维度和“社会歧视行为”维度的多元线性回归模型;婚姻状况进入“担心传染和感染疾病”维度、“将艾滋病与耻辱、责怪和偏见联系在一起”维度和“个人歧视行为”维度的多元线性回归模型;性别进入“担心传染和感染疾病”维度的多元线性回归模型;工作年限进入“个人歧视行为”维度和“社会歧视行为”维度的多元线性回归模型;艾滋病患者接触史进入“社会歧视行为”维度的多元线性回归模型。结论医务人员艾滋病歧视行为受多种因素影响,应通过开展艾滋病相关知识宣教等方式,提高医务人员特别是护士和高中/中专及以下文化、不熟悉职业暴露处置措施者对艾滋病的认知,降低歧视水平。

Objective To understand the situation of acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)discrimination in medical staff at Panyu District of Guangzhou City,and to provide references for the local development of relevant education strategies.Methods In December 2020,cross-sectional survey was carried out by the convenient sampling method.At least 50 medical staff were selected from each of 15 first level or above hospitals at Panyu District,Guangzhou.The Chinese version of Zelaya AIDS Discrimination Scale was used for the questionnaire survey.SPSS 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis.Results A total of 894 medical staff were surveyed,including 271 males(30.31%)and 623 females(69.69%).They were(32.30±7.83)years old,and had been working for(9.51±7.98)years;59.17%(529/894)of the staff's education level was university or above;and 68.12%(609/894)were married.The scores of"worrying about contagion and infection","combining AIDS with disgrace,blame,and prejudice","personal discrimination behaviors",and"social discrimination behaviors"and the total score of Zelaya AIDS Discrimination Scale were(2.65±0.61),(2.41±0.46),(2.30±0.43),(2.59±0.59),and(2.49±0.35).The results of the multilinear regression analysis showed that the job position entered the multiple linear regression model of the scale and the dimension of"worrying about contagion and infection";education level entered the multiple linear regression model of the scale and the dimensions of"combining AIDS with disgrace,blame,and prejudice","personal discrimination behaviors",and"social discrimination behaviors";occupational exposure entered the multiple linear regression model of the scale and the dimensions of"personal discrimination behaviors",and"social discrimination behaviors";marriage entered the multiple linear regression model of the dimensions of"worrying about contagion and infection","combining AIDS with disgrace,blame,and prejudice",and"personal discrimination behaviors";gender entered the multiple linear regression model of dimension of"worrying about contagion and infection";working time entered the multiple linear regression model of the dimensions of"personal discrimination behaviors"and"social discrimination behaviors";and contact with AIDS patients entered the multiple linear regression model of the dimension of"social discrimination behaviors".Conclusion AIDS discrimination of medical staff is affected by a variety of factors,so education on AIDS-related knowledge etc.should be carried out to improve medical staff's,especially nurses'and the staff whose education level was high school/secondary school or below and who are unfamiliar with occupational exposure measures',AIDS awareness,and to reduce discrimination.