面向水资源可持续利用的综合水足迹评价方法

Methods of comprehensive water footprint assessment for sustainable utilization of water resources

从概念和方法演变的视角总结分析了目前基于水足迹网络(WFN)和基于生命周期评价(LCA)的两种主要水足迹评价(WFA)方法,并系统比较了二者的差异与联系。在此基础上,以解决水资源的可持续利用为根本目标,提出了服务多用户、面向多目标、覆盖全过程的综合水足迹评价方法。该评价方法体现了生命周期思想,又具有系统性,同时强调了不同利益相关者参与的作用;能够从提升资源使用效率、减少环境影响以及资源总量控制多个维度开展不同层面的水足迹评价,可为制定微观和宏观层面统一的水资源可持续利用决策方案、管理方法提供更为全面的理论与技术支撑。

Based on the perspective of concepts and method evolution, two major water footprint assessment(WFA) methods of water footprint network(WFN) and life cycle assessment(LCA) are compared and analyzed, their correlation and differences between each other are summarized. On this basis, a comprehensive water footprint assessment method for multi-user service, multi-objective and whole-process coverage is proposed to solve the sustainable utilization of water resources. The assessment method embodies the idea of life cycle and is systematic, thus overcoming the limitations of different methods. At the same time, it emphasizes the role of participation of various stakeholders. Water footprint assessment can be carried out at different levels from improving the efficiency of resource use, reducing environmental impacts and controlling the total amount of resources, providing a more comprehensive theoretical and technical support for formulating the decision-making scheme and management method of water resources sustainable utilization at both micro and macro levels.