中药活性成分抑制多重耐药菌的研究进展

Advances in the use of constituents of traditional Chinese medicines to inhibit multidrug-resistant bacteria

中药活性成分生物碱类、皂苷类、多酚类、萜类、黄酮类、萘醌类、有机酸类及丹参素等可抑制耐药菌,研究较多且对耐药菌抑制作用较强的是生物碱类和黄酮类。不同中药的抑菌活性成分有所不同,同一味中药可含有多种抑菌成分,可抑制多种耐药菌。抑制耐药菌的机制尚不完全明确,已知机制包括:(1)消除抗性质粒;(2)抑制耐药基因表达;(3)抑制外排泵;(4)抑制超广谱β-内酰胺酶;(5)抑制细菌分裂和生长;(6)破坏菌体蛋白和结构;(7)破坏细胞膜;(8)抑制呼吸链。本文对中药活性成分抑制多重耐药菌的效果和机制研究进展进行了综述,为筛选新型抗菌药物提供线索。

The active constituents of traditional Chinese medicines,such as alkaloids,saponins,polyphenols,terpenoids,flavonoids,naphthoquinones,organic acids,and salvianic acid A,can inhibit drug-resistant bacteria.Alkaloids and flavonoids have been studied often and potently inhibit drug-resistant bacteria.Different traditional Chinese medicines have different antimicrobial active constituents.The same traditional Chinese medicine can contain a variety of antimicrobial constituents that can inhibit a variety of drug-resistant bacteria.The mechanisms of inhibition of drug-resistant bacteria are not completely clear.The known mechanisms include:(1)elimination of resistant plasmids;(2)inhibition of the expression of drug resistance genes;(3)inhibition of efflux pumps;(4)inhibition of extended spectrumβ-lactamases;(5)inhibition of bacterial division and growth;(6)destruction of cell proteins and structures;(7)destruction of the cell membrane;and(8)inhibition of the respiratory chain.This paper reviews advances in research on the effects of active constituents of traditional Chinese medicine on multi-drug resistant bacteria and their mechanisms of action in order to provide clues for the screening of new antimicrobials.