中原地区史前用玉特征与进程

On the Tradition and Development of Jade in the Prehistoric Central Plains

本文拟通过梳理中原地区史前不同阶段的考古发掘所见玉器资料,考察其地域分布、器类构成、使用状况,从而探讨中原地区的用玉特征、用玉观念和用玉进程。中原地区史前用玉文化从裴李岗时期至龙山时期,明显表现出从无到有的过程。中原地区并非玉文化的原生地,更多是接受外来影响而继发出用玉文化,并具有后发优势而迅速发展起来。这种后发优势和以中原为中心历史趋势的形成,使史前玉文化在中原地区汇集、融合、普及。不仅由此为中转站,继续向北、向西传播与扩散,更进一步奠定了玉器成为早期礼制文明中不可或缺的因子地位,而后一脉相承地在历史时期被继承和继续向前发展。

Based on the archaeological discoveries of jade artifacts at different stages of the prehistoric Central Plains,this article analyzes their combination,chronological and spatial distribution and style differences,in order to probe into their social functions,related ideology and developmental history.From the Peiligang period to the Longshan period,the jade culture in the Central Plains went through a process from zero to prosperity.The Central Plains,though not a hometown to the jade culture,absorbed external influences and developed its jade tradition rapidly.The second-mover advantage went hand in hand with the Central-Plains centered trend,which led to the converge,fusion and widespread of prehistoric jade culture in the Central Plains.The Central Plains became a transit hub to the north and the west.More importantly,the Central Plains tradition further contributed to jade as an essential element of early ritual civilization,which became a legacy in the historical period.