曲阜孔庙旧存明代铜礼器研究

A Research of the Bronze Ritual Vessels of the Ming Dynasty in the Confucius Temple at Qufu

明代是文庙祭祀礼仪鼎盛的一个时期,曲阜孔庙旧藏的明代铜礼器虽流失损毁严重,但数量依然相当丰富,且2/3以上都铸有铭文款识。器物种类繁多,功能各异,尤以粢盛之器中的簠、簋、豆和祼献之器的爵为最。铭文款识记录了器物的用途、铸造时间、铸造或督造者的官职、籍贯、姓名等信息。其样式图谱主要参照《阙里志》中所绘礼器图。这批传世的明代铜礼器,围绕孔庙祭祀,以时间为轴线,跨越约200年,为研究明中后期孔庙祭器纹饰、器型、铸造工艺及文庙祭祀礼仪等提供了重要物证。

The Ming Dynasty was the epic for the ritual ceremonies centering the Confucius Temple.The bronze ritual assemblage in the collection of the Qufu Confucius Temple,though looted and destroyed,is still of a large number,two thirds of which bear inscriptions.They are in diverse forms,featuring fu,gui,dou and jue.The inscriptions indicate the functions,casting dates,manufacture supervisors and so on.The artifacts were made according to drawings in Quelizhi.The assemblage consists of artifacts manufactured in a range of200 years.They contribute greatly to the understanding of the design and craftsmanship of ritual artifacts in the Confucius Temple,and shed light on the ritual ceremonies in the late Ming Dynasty.