北方农牧交错带在保障国家大粮食安全中发挥重要作用

Farming-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China Plays Important Role in Ensuring National Food Security

粮食安全是国家安全的重要基础。随着社会经济发展和居民对营养健康的更高要求,我国面临的粮食安全已不是传统意义上的口粮安全,而是逐渐演变为饲料粮安全,为此应树立大粮食安全观。文章分析了2010-2019年我国牛羊肉和牛奶的消费量及生产量,发现生产量的增长速度显著低于消费的增长速度,因而导致大量进口国外的牛羊肉和牛奶产品。对比世界和亚洲地区的平均消费量,未来我国的牛羊肉和牛奶消费需求将持续增长。针对我国牛羊肉自给率保持在85%左右、奶源自给率保持在70%以上的发展目标,如何实现在保护生态环境的条件下提高畜牧业生产是一个重要课题。根据“以小保大”原理,通过发展小面积高产人工草地,服务大面积天然草地保护的生态草牧业,过去几年在国内不同区域的实践取得了可借鉴的成功经验。文章就如何发挥我国北方农牧交错带区域农牧系统的耦合效应,通过发展生态草牧业服务我国大粮食安全和乡村振兴战略实施,从而实现该区域的高质量发展,提出4点建议:加强顶层设计,做好总体规划;利用现代分子生物学手段,加快优良牧草品种培育;加强草产品加工的科技研发,提高饲草原料的利用效率;结合实施乡村振兴战略,打造一批由畜产品产业主导的特色乡镇。

China enters into a new era with high demand for nutritional and healthy food,and hence needs to adjust the agricultural production system to balance cereal production and livestock farming.Between the years 2010-2019 the production of red meat and milk has fallen far behind the consumption demand,resulting in sourcing and import of large quantity of red meat and milk products from the international market.In comparison to the average consumption levels in Asia and global,China’s consumption will continue to grow in the future,presenting a great challenge to the goals of 85%self-sufficiency rate for beef and mutton and more than 70%for milk.The farming-pastoral ecotone(FPE)of northern China covers 655 thousand km2 and plays an essential role in livestock farming and enviromental protection.How to implement Grass-based Livestock Husbandry and achieve high quality sustainable development of this region is discussed.Four suggestions are proposed,namely,to take a top-down approach and make a national plan the development of Grass-based Livestock Husbandry in the region;to introduce genome-based breeding of forage crops by molecular modules;to strengthen the innovation in forage product processing technologies to improve the usage efficiency of forage raw materials;and to integrate livestock farming into the rural revitalization initiative for the establishment of featured towns and villages dominated by livestock industries.