从赤壁之战等看“天”对战争双方影响之不同

From the Battle of Chibi to See the Different Influence of“Weather”on Both Sides of the War

孙子把"天"作为预测战争胜败的第二要素,"道、天、地、将、法"对战争的影响虽有主次,但不是固定不变的,天气对战争之影响有时是决定性的。在平时看似无关紧要的天气,有时却会成为决定战争胜负的关键。赤壁之战,曹军因"时疫"而败,周瑜却因此而胜;斯大林格勒之战,德军因严寒而败,苏军却因此而守住了城池;长征中,国民党军因天下暴雨而误期,红军却因而飞夺泸定桥。同样的天气对敌我两军的影响是不同的,不可不察。现代社会,尽管人们"知天"的能力已经很强,但仍不能忽视像2008年初那样的极端天气给战争乃至经济建设和人民生活带来的重大影响。

Sun Zi regards“weather”as the second element in predicting the victory or defeat of war.Although the influence of“politics,weather,terrain,commander and doctrine”on war has primary and secondary influences,it is not fixed.The influence of weather on war sometimes is decisive.Weather that seems insignificant at ordinary times can sometimes become the key to determining the outcome of a war.In the Battle of Chibi,Cao Jun was defeated by the“epidemic”,but Zhou Yu won because of it.In the Battle of Stalingrad,the German army was defeated by the severe cold,but the Soviet army defended the city because of this.In the Long March,the Kuomintang army was delayed due to heavy rains.The Red Army seized the Luding Bridge due to the rain.The same weather has different effects on the enemy and our armies,so it must be observed.In modern society,although people’s ability to“know the weather”is already very strong,they still cannot ignore the significant impact of extreme weather such as the beginning of 2008 on wars,economic construction and people’s lives.