贵州省水耕人为土的形成、分类与分布规律

Stagnic Anthrosols in Guizhou:Formation,Taxonomic Classification and Geographical Distribution

为了解中国西南山区水耕人为土的分布特征,促进土壤分类的定量化,利用2015—2017年笔者在贵州省调查的代表性土壤剖面的分析结果,结合贵州省以往的土壤调查资料,应用中国土壤系统分类的诊断分类方法探讨了贵州省水耕人为土的形成、分类、分布及其与成土环境的关系。结果表明,贵州全省拥有潜育、铁渗、铁聚和简育等4类水耕人为土,共鉴出11个亚类。出现的诊断层有“水耕表层”、“铁渗淋亚层”、“铁聚水耕氧化还原层”、“漂白层”等4个,鉴出的诊断特性包括“潜育特征”和“复钙作用”等2个。该省水耕人为土具有明显的有机质积累、粘粒淋淀特点,土壤酸碱度变化较大。研究结果表明,影响贵州省水耕人为土土类分异的主要成土因素是地形,简育水耕人为土和铁聚水耕人为土是该省水耕人为土的主要类型。

To understand the distribution characteristics of the stagnic anthrosols in mountainous areas of southwest China and promote the quantitative soil classification,based on the analysis data of representative soil profiles obtained from soil investigation in Guizhou from 2015 to 2017,and combined with previous soil survey data in Guizhou,we studied the formation,taxonomic classification and geographical distribution of stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou and their relationship with the soil formation environments by applying the diagnostic classification method of Chinese soil taxonomy.The results show that:there are 4 groups of stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou(i.e,gleyi-,Fe-leachi-,Fe-accumuli-,and Hapli-stagnic anthrosols),and 11 subgroups of them are identified;the diagnostic horizons of Guizhou include“anthrostagnic epipedon”,“Feleachi-hydragric horizon”,“Fe-accumuli-hydragric horizon”,and“albic horizon”;the identified diagnostic characteristics include“gleyic fertures”and“secondary calcic accumulation”;the stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou has obvious characteristics of organic matter accumulation and clay vertical migration,and the soil pH value varies greatly.The topographic condition is the main factor that affects the differentiation in groups and subgroups of the stagnic anthrosols in Guizhou,the main soil groups are Fe-accumuli-stagnic anthrosols and Hapli-stagnic anthrosols.