摘要
氮素是植物生长发育所需的大量元素之一,施用氮肥是农业生产中提高农作物产量的重要手段。自20世纪60年代以来,“绿色革命”半矮秆农作物品种的育成和大面积推广有效地解决了“高产与倒伏”之间的矛盾,提高了农作物的收获指数和产量。然而半矮秆水稻和小麦品种也表现出生长发育对氮肥响应减弱、根系对铵态氮和硝态氮的吸收能力下降以及氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)低的弊病,其产量增加依赖于氮肥的大量投入,这不仅提高了种植成本还导致了严重的环境污染问题。因此,提高农作物氮肥利用效率对于保障国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展具有重要战略意义。本文概述了“绿色革命”与赤霉素的作用机理,系统总结了植物氮素吸收、同化和代谢调控方面的研究进展,并介绍了提高作物氮肥利用效率的最新研究发现,以期为作物氮肥高效利用的遗传改良提供参考。
Nitrogen(N)is an essential mineral nutrient for plant growth and development.N deficiency is the major factor limiting plant growth and crop production in most natural and agricultural soils.The green revolution of the 1960’s boosted crop yields through cultivation of semi-dwarf plant varieties.However,green revolution wheat and rice varieties have relatively poor nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),require a high N fertilizer supply to achieve maximum yield potential,and this leads to an increase in production costs and environmental problem.Therefore,a major challenge for sustainable agriculture is whether improvement of NUE through the reduction of N fertilizer supply can be achieved without yield penalty.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of N-responsive plant growth,utilization and possibility for improvements of NUE in crops,and new breeding strategies through modulation of N-responsive growth-metabolism coordination for future sustainable agriculture.
作者
李姗
黄允智
刘学英
傅向东
Shan Li;Yunzhi Huang;Xueying Liu;Xiangdong Fu(State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics&Germplasm Enhancement,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《遗传》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期629-641,共13页
Hereditas(Beijing)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31830082,91935301)
江苏省自然科学基金项目(编号:BK20200540)资助。
关键词
水稻
绿色革命
氮肥利用效率
可持续农业
rice
green revolution
nitrogen use efficiency
sustainable agriculture