“都”字句中疑问代词的分配索引功能

The distributive-index function of interrogative pronouns in dou sentences

既有文献把"都"看作局域性名物量化,"都"后表疑问的疑问代词是不是量化对象等难题无法解决。以"都"全局性量化事件为出发点,本文全面考察了疑问代词在"都"前后的使用情况。研究表明,句法位置、信息结构对"都"字句中疑问代词的语义功能具有明显的限定作用,不同语义类别的疑问代词与句法分布呈现出不同的互动关系。在"都"前,表任指义的疑问代词充当分配索引,与分配算子"都"之间是分配性依存关系;在"都"后,当且仅当分配项有差异且分配域、分配索引在"都"前都隐含时,疑问代词才须作复数性解读。此时,"都"后分配项中的疑问代词间接起到了分配索引的功能,同隐含在预设中的分配域在数方面保持一致。实际上,这仍是"都"量化事件的连带效应。

Since dou(都)is viewed in the existing literature as an adverb that locally quantifies entities/noun phrases,the problem whether the interrogative pronoun that asks a question after dou is quantified by dou,along with other related problems,can’t be solved.Taking that dou globally quantifies eventualities as the starting point,this article comprehensively investigates the usages of interrogative pronouns before and after dou.After researching,this paper shows that the syntactic positions and information structure have obvious limitations on the semantic functions of interrogative pronouns in dou sentences,and the interrogative pronouns of different semantic categories have different interactive relationships with their syntactic distributions in dou sentences.Before dou,the interrogative pronouns that express the meaning of optional reference serve as a distributive index,which is a distributive dependency relationship with the distribution operator dou in a dou construction.After dou,interrogative pronouns are not necessarily plural,but they must be interpreted in plural reading if and only if the items of the distributive share are different,and the distributive domain and the distributive index are implied before dou.At this point,the interrogative pronoun in the distribution share indirectly serves as a distributive index,and should be consistent with the number of the distributive domains implied in the presupposition.Actually this is one of the joint effects caused by dou’s quantification on eventualities.