论正常经营买受人规则

On the Rule of Buyer in Ordinary Course of Business

民法典第404条扩张了正常经营买受人规则的使用范围,该规则具有保护积极信赖、维护交易安全、提升交易效率和维护消费者利益的正当性基础。民法典和《有关担保的司法解释》相关规定,在明确正常经营买受人规则的构成要件前提下,买受人必须取得抵押财产的所有权,且有必要增设买受人构成善意的要件,并应当以该要件替代司法解释关于排除适用情形的兜底条款的规定。司法解释关于除外情形的规定过于抽象,应当综合各种因素加以判断,不能简单地依据购买的数量或出卖人与买受人是否存在控制关系而决定是否予以排除。

Article 404 of the Civil Code expands the scope of use of the rule of Buyer in ordinary course of business, which has a legitimate foundation for protecting active trust, safeguarding transaction security, improving transaction efficiency, and safeguarding consumer interests. The relevant provisions of the Civil Code and the "Judicial Interpretation on Guarantees" have summarized the constituent elements of the buyer’s rules for ordinary course of business.However, this article believes that the buyer must obtain the ownership of the mortgaged property,and it is necessary to add an element that the buyer constitutes in good faith, and this element should be used to replace the provisions of the judicial interpretation on the exclusion of applicable circumstances. The provisions of the judicial interpretation on the exceptions are too principled and abstract, and should be judged by comprehensive factors, rather than simply based on the quantity of purchase or whether the seller and the buyer have a controlling relationship.