飞机结构静力学相似准则的理论与数值研究

Theoretical and Numerical Studies of Static Similarity Criteria for Aircraft Structures

对飞机结构典型元件或部件开展等比例静力试验,是飞机结构强度研发的必要手段,对探索结构传载规律及验证结构承载能力具有不可替代的作用。飞机大型化促使结构静力试验代价急剧增加,如果能在静力试验领域引入缩比试验,对节约飞机结构强度研发成本、缩短研发周期具有重要意义。本文以相似三定律为基础,结合量纲分析和方程分析,从理论层面对结构静力相似开展了研究,推导了结构静力相似准则,对不同层级结构静力相似的现象及联系进行了说明,最后通过算例进行了验证。

Equivalent proportional static test of typical components or components of aircraft structure has always been a necessary means for aircraft structural strength research and development. It plays an irreplaceable role in exploring structural load distribution law, and exploring structural strength. Large aircraft increase the costs of structural static test. Introducing scale model to static test will be of great significance to save the cost and shorten the cycle of aircraft structural strength research and development. Based on the three laws of similarity, this paper studies the structural static similarity from the theoretical level by using dimensional analysis and equation analysis, and establishes the theory of structural static similarity. The phenomena and relations of static similarity of different hierarchical structures are explained. Finally, the theory is verified by numerical examples.