4World Health Organization.New research shows workplace violence threatens health services[R].Press Release WHO/37,2002.
5Jenkins M G,Rocke L G,McNicholl B P,et al.Violence and verbal abuse against staff in accident and emergency departments:a survey of consultants in the UK and the Republic of Ireland[J].J Accid Emerg Med,1998,15(4) :262.
6Hofeldt R L.Medical workplace violence[J].Prim.Care Update Ob Gyns,2001,8(3):127.
7May D D,Grubbs L M.The extent,nature,and precipitating factors of nurse assault among three groups of registered nurses in a regional medical center[J].J Emerg Nurs,2002,28(1) :11.
8Herman A M,Jeffress C N.OSHA3148 Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for health care and social service workers[S].U.S.Department of Labor and Occupational Safety and Health Administration,1998(revived).5-6.
9王声湧.伤害流行病学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.3-4.
10Mirza NM, Amjad AI, Bhatti AB, et al. Violence and abuse faced by junior physicians in the emergency department from patients and their caretakers:a nationwide study from Pakistan [J]. J Emerg Med,2012,42(6):727-733.